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Government 340 > Exam 6 > Flashcards

Exam 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

who was a famed Chinese artist?

A

Cai Guo Qiang

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2
Q

what is an ancient folklore that contains the “hide in plain sight” adage?

A

thirty-six stratagems

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3
Q

what is an important policy in china and US relations?

A

constructive engagement

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4
Q

what did the 1940s study of the Chinese mind-set conclude?

A

that Chinese did not view strategy the same way Americans did. whereas Americans tended to favor direct action, those of Chinese ethnic origin were found to favor the indirect over the direct, ambiguity and deception over clarity and transparency.

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5
Q

what country prized deception in their literature and writings on strategy?

A

China

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6
Q

what scholars led the study on the Chinese mind-set?

A

Nathan Leites, Ruth Benedict, and Margaret Mead

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7
Q

what is a sage?

A

wise statesman

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8
Q

why do Chinese need a sage?

A

to penetrate the deception around him to find the hidden signals in relaity

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9
Q

ying pai

A

Chinese hawks

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10
Q

who made proposals to Chinese leadership to mislead and manipulate American policymakers to obtain intel and military, technological and economic assistance?

A

Chinese hawks (ying pai)

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11
Q

what is the Hundred Year Marathon?

A

it is that Chinese hawks have been advising Chinese leaders to avenge a century of humiliation and aspired to replace the US as the economic, military, and political leader of the world by year 2049.

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12
Q

what is the goal of the Hundred-Year Marathon?

A

to avenge or “wipe clean” past foreign huiliations

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13
Q

hegemon

A

strategist, general, leader

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14
Q

who is China’s president?

A

Xi Jinping

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15
Q

what is perceived to be products of a “century of humiliation” at the hands of Western powers?

A

monument to the people’s heroes

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16
Q

what started the century of humiliation?

A

1839 First Opium War- Royal Navy laid waste to Chinese ports over a trade dispute with the Qing dynasty

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17
Q

with whom did the Chinese develop a fascination?

A

Charles Darwin and Thomas Huxley

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18
Q

what concepts struck a chord as a way to avenge the humiliation that the Chinese felt at the hands of the West?

A

Darwinian concepts of competition and survival of the fittest

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19
Q

who is China’s modern founding father?

A

Sun Yat-sen

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20
Q

what was Sun Yat-sen’s program based on?

A

explicitly on racial survival. he imagined China’s struggle against foreign powers as a form of resistance against the threat of “racial extinction” by the white race, which sought to subjugate or even obliterate the yellow race

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21
Q

What is the Great Leap Forward?

A

the Chinese Communist party issued slogans proclaiming that China would “overtake Britain and catch up with America”

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22
Q

who was a Soviet defector that came to the CIA?

A

Anatoliy Golitsy

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23
Q

who was a double agent for the KGB?

A

Kim Philby

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24
Q

who was a KGB defector that claimed Anatoliy Golitsy was lying?

A

Yuri Nosenko

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25
Q

who claimed that there was a serious Sin-Soviet rift?

A

Yuri Nosenko

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26
Q

what book was written by Liu Mingfu, a colonel in the people’s Liberation Army, who also worked as a leading scholar a China’s National defense University

A

The China Dream

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27
Q

Hundred Year Marathon

A
  1. soviet union’s failure to supplant the US

2. rejuvenation of restoration (fuxing) appears to be synonymous with Marathon

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28
Q

Zhao Tingyang

A

wrote The Under-Heaven System: the Philosophy of the Word Institution

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29
Q

what prescribed a four-to-one military superiority to enable the emperor to enforce the All-Under-Heaven system?

A

Rites of Zhou

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30
Q

from what does China define their approach to strategy?

A

the Warring State period

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31
Q

what book is the focus of a conference centered around?

A

Sun Tzu’s the Art of War

32
Q

nine principal elements

A
  1. induce complacency to avoid alerting your opponent
  2. manipulate your opponent’s advisers
  3. be patient–for decades or longer–to achieve victory
  4. steal your opponents ideas and technology for strategic purposes
  5. military might is not the critical factor for winning a long-term competition
  6. recognize that the hegemon will take extreme, even reckless action to retain its dominant position
  7. never lose sight of shi
  8. est and employ metrics for measuring your status relative to other potential challengers
  9. always be vigilant to avoid being encircled or deceived by others
33
Q

chinese board game

A

wei qui

34
Q

encirclement

A

strategic fear

35
Q

what did a weapons designer develop?

A

one-child policy

36
Q

what is the meaning of emperors cauldrons

A

do not let the enemy now you’re rival, until it is too late for him to stop you. on the international level, if you are a rising power, you must manipulate the perceptions of the dominant world power to not be destroyed by it

37
Q

da tong

A

era of unipolar dominance

38
Q

what did the Chinese gain from the West in their grand strategy?

A

mercantilism trade behavior-a system of high tariffs, gaining direct control of natural resources, and protection of domestic manufacturing, all designed to build up a nation’s monetary reserves

39
Q

wu wei

A

get other nations to do our work for you

40
Q

grand strategy

A

encircling the enemy while undermining his coalition

41
Q

Henry Kissinger on Shi

A
  1. his more recent acknowledgement of Shi in On China
  2. art of understanding matters in flux
  3. combative coexistence
42
Q

who pointed out that during the Warring States period, some strategists could supposedly convince their opponents to concede just by showing then quantitative calculations dooming the opponents to defeat?

A

RAND corporation scholar Herbert Goldhammer

43
Q

who was a northern commander in the Battle of Red Cliff?

A

Cao Cao

44
Q

who was the southern commander int he Battle of Red Cliff?

A

Zhuge Liang

45
Q

what did Nixon do that was an act of genius?

A

opening of US relations with the People’s Republic of China in 1971

46
Q

four hawkish army marshalls

A

Chen Yi, Nie rongzhen, Xu Xiangqian, Ye Jianying

47
Q

who said “we can consult the example of Zhuge Liang’s strategic guiding principle, when the three states of Wei, Shu, and Wu confronted each other: “ally with Wu in the east to oppose Wei in the North””

A

Ye Jianying

48
Q

ba

A

ba is a military leader who is all powerful until he is taken out by force- accurately known as a tyrant

49
Q

counterencirclement

A

the United States missed that this was not a permanent Chinese policy

50
Q

Shanghai Communique

A

the document of understanding that was signed at the end of the summit

51
Q

who gained power and became the public face for ‘china’s PR offensive with the US?

A

Deng Xiaoping

52
Q

Liu Bei

A

concealed his true desires from Cao Cao

53
Q

having others do your work

A

wu wei

54
Q

information

A

Pres Carter shared information with china during China’s war in Vietnam

55
Q

in 1984 who drummed up $50 million to increase support for the rebels in Afghanistan?

A

Charlie Wilson

56
Q

lessons about Chinese strategy toward a declining hegemon

A
  1. Chinese emphasized that we had to identify key soviet vulnerabilities to exploit
  2. persuade others to do the fighting
  3. attack the allies of the declining hegemon
57
Q

Tienanmen square

A

the protesters claimed that they were trying to accelerate the reform process that we believed was well under way in Beijing, a pro-democratic and pro-capitalistic tilt that those of us following China in the US believed was all but reversible

58
Q

who had great hopes for China?

A

H.W. Bush

59
Q

what was a surprise?

A

50,000 students marched in a Beijing memorial service for Hu Yaobang, the former head of the communist party

60
Q

Liu Xiaobo

A

signed Charter 08, sentenced to prison, won nobel prize in 2010

61
Q

who was China’s reform-minded party leader that was placed under house arrest for his entire life?

A

Zhao Ziyang

62
Q

what did Andrew Nathan write?

A

The Tiananmen Papers, which showed how Zhao had struggled in vain for real reform against the hawks, facing overwhelming odds that were unknown to us at the time

63
Q

Mr. White

A

gave info on Chines that America didn’t believe,

64
Q

“the most massive attempt at ideological reeducation in human history”

A

teams of Chinese historians recast ‘china’s history to emphasize that all progress had once from peasant rebellions

65
Q

who was a false reformer?

A

Jiang Zemin

66
Q

hypernaitonalism

A
  1. riots
  2. ambassador James Sasser under siege
  3. China would view it as a probe
67
Q

what created a void in the Chinese intellectual and analyst community?

A

the purge of proamerican reformers in China

68
Q

Who wrote the book A History f US Aggression in China?

A

Wang Chun

69
Q

whose autocratic rule was rejected?

A

Cheng Kai-shek

70
Q

who was the first american villain

A

John Tyler

71
Q

what did Tyler sign that Mao called “the first unequal treaty signed as a result of US aggression against China”?

A

Treaty of Wangxia

72
Q

who was the diplomat Lincoln sent to China?

A

Anson Burlingame

73
Q

Boxer Rebelllion

A

America joined an eight-nation expeditionary force that defeated the patriotic rebels who were fighting to free china form western dominance

74
Q

who promised to negotiate at Versailles for human rights and self-determination?

A

Wilson

75
Q

what catalyzed modern Chinese nationalism and helped to found the Chinese communist arty at 1921?

A

May 4 movement

76
Q

return of what was sought but defeated at Versailles?

A

the return of qingdago (the Shandong peninsula)

77
Q

who wrote To Change China

A

Jonathan Spence

Government 340 (7 decks)

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