Exam 1 Flashcards
Who was leader of the revolutionist faction that opposed the Versailles treaty without revisions?
Henry Cabot lodge
” all motives reduced to one requiring via carrots and sticks”
Hans morgenthau
Who reject a moral equivalence?
Neoconservatives
Who wrote the Geographic Pivot of History?
Halford Mackinder
Silk Road
A 4000 mile long network of trade routes between China and the west that dates back before 115 CB
Tamerlane
Turkic-Mongol descendent of ghengis khan who ruled an empire from the Caucasian through Persia to India
Iranian and Turkish plateau
A. Persons and Turks
B. Pivotal position between east and west
C. Strategic location atop scarce water supplies allows them to dominate the Arabs
D. Iranian and Turkish practice of Islam differs substantially from that of the Arabs
Fertile Crescent
A. Irrigated areas.
B. Marsh Arabs
C. Sunni Arabs
D. Kurds
E. The clash of empires has been the history of this land
F. No longer agriculturally self-sufficient
Who was ruled by the family Ibn Saud?
Abd-al-Wahhab and the Wahhabi tribes of Nejd
What is Africa’s largest producer of goods and services?
South Africa
Rimlands
Named by Nicholas Spokane in contrast to the heartland corresponding more to mackinders outer or insular crescent than to the inner or marginal crescent
Who is the leading export of food?
US and ananda
No way of life ever survives what?
Death of original ideas
ghazals
Incorporated raiders, mercenaries
Dar al Harb
Abode of war
Who wrote oriental despotism?
Karl wittfogel
What is used in lieu of war?
Indirect strategies
European electoral politics
A mere overlay on the relationship between the state bureaucracy and its clients
Today’s three schools
Liberal internationalist
what presidents speeches provided the enduring summary of the views of liberal internationalism?
Woodrow Wilson
what are the views of liberal internationalism?
that America is destined to lead the world to peace and democracy that all mankind supposedly desires,by intervening in quarrels in and between foreign nations, by fostering modernization, by transferring power from nations to international institutions, and by exemplary disarmament.
realists
took the balance of power approach, rational choice theory and game theory, academic canon, reflexive harmonizations of US interests with those of adversaries, Kissinger noted that america paid the same price for defeat as for victory.
judeo-christian civilization
a. self-questioning
b. world’s greatest struggles have taken place within it
c. local factors’
d. revolutionary movements
e. desire to remake the world
f. modern environmentalism
how did Machiavelli contrast between despotism and oligarchy?
distinction between Turkish empire and feudal France.
who wrote History of the Peloponnesian War?
Thucydides
jus gentium
law of nations
who was to be a defensor pacis?
each prince in roman empire
diplomati
medieval negotiators
system of mutual recognition
a. assumption: European epicenter consists of sovereign homogeneous nation-states
b. universal extension of the system
c. recognition of sovereignty extended to ex-colonies and non-colonies
d. ethnic conflicts challenge most sovereignties from within
what has ruled since the days of Charlemagne?
Christian canon and customary law
who drew on the jus gentium?
Hugo Grotius and Emmerich de Vattel
what is the essence of international law (archaic system of states)?
sovereign autonomy
elihu root
system of arbitration enforced by consensus of the dominant christian nations
Versailles Peace Conference
birth of unnatural, unsustainable entities, more nations with less in common
what did the UN betray?
a. inclusion of the soviet union as one of the UN’s pillars
b. open admissions policies
c. the requirement that a country have a de facto government was dropped
elevation of Yasser Arafat
a. UN recognized Arafat’s (personal) sovereignty over the Palestinian authority
b. lowering of standard for membership
c. prevailing hypocrisy in today’s UN
who pushed for western “reparations” or transfer of resources?
Soviets
what is the concrete art of balancing means and ends?
strategy
what is an “ensemble of continued pursuits, of decisions matured, of measures brought to terms”?
policy
what is the content of the messages it conveys?
diplomacy
what is no substitute for ordinary tools of statecraft?
soft power
what is Joseph Nye’s notion of soft power?
“supposes that a nation’s innocuousness and propensity to pleas are attractive enough to reduce or eliminate the need for statecraft”
“prestige is having a reputation for power, for gravitas”?
Hans Morgenthau
contempt
incapacity or unwillingness to protect friends and put enemies out of action breeds contempt
limits of bribary
it is easier to buy foreign leaders than to make them stay bought
sanctions
cannot force compliance with demands that would damage the regime or its important objectives
who was made pensioners of Louis XIV?
members of the English court
three facts about subversion
a. all societies have internal divisions
b. wise statesmen leverage their contacts in foreign camps
c. success depends upon the target’s susceptibility
who fled to Guatemala in 1954?
Jacobo Arbenz
who was indecisive at the Bay of Pigs in 1961?
JFK
what is the ultimate test of statesmanship?
choosing and managing war and peace.
a. war is chief midwife in the birth and death of nations
b. war is always mother of life and death for all participant nations
kinds of war
tribal
limited
civilizational
strategic objects
a. cold war: soviet union vs. the west
b. phony war: 1939-1940 no intention of freeing Poland
c. Germans Blitzkrieg and the Battle of Britain
what did Russia gain from invasion of Georgia??
a. acquisition of Black Sea base
b. discouraged building the Baku-Ceyhan pipeline
c. put pressure on Ukraine
role of US navy?
mistress of western pacific
who is a salafist sect?
Wahhabis
who is a secular national socialist?
Ba’ath party
what is the Iran-created Shi’ite party of God in Lebanon?
Hezbollah
What country uses referendum?
Switzerland
who was part of the monroe doctrine?
John Quincy Adams
how did he explain the Monroe doctrine?
peaceful commerce with all nations, and good wishes to all regardles of their governance or culture. to avoid foreign interference in our affairs, Americans would mind their own domestic business
who supported the kellog-briand pact?
Herbert hoover, Gerald nye, William borah
what did the kellog-briand pact do?
outlawed war and committed america to punish violators of the pact
what gave birth to the modern international system?
westphalia treaties
what has been instruments of ideological war against judeo-christian civilization?
UN human rights panels
each nation is equal only in its sovereign right to do what?
to judge what it owes and what is owed
what in the first world war killed more Germans than did the allies on all fronts?
the starvation blockade
who led the revolutionary coalition of 1979 in the name of Shia Islam’s most learned clerics- conservative, aristocratic figures not very interested in politics?
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
What country is a democracy?
Only Switzerland. Because they settle all serious issues by referendum
What ended the wars of the reformation by pledging noninterference? in international affairs
The treaty of Westphalia in 1649
Who wrote Six Books of the Republic?
Jean Bodin
Who explained that sovereignty, these kings already recognized no authority higher than their own?
Jean Bodin
Who wrote On Laws of War and Peace?
Hugo Grotius
Who wrote Law of Nations or the Principles of Natural Law?
Emmetics de Vattel
Who founded the Muslim brotherhood in 1918?
Hassan al-Banna
Who wrote the brotherhoods most compelling books in the 1960 and ‘60?
Sayyid Qutb
