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Biology > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Series of steps that biologists and other scientists use to gather information and answer questions; include observing and hypothesizing, experimenting, and fathering and interpreting results

A

Scientific method

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1
Q

Designing an experiment (hypothesis, control, experiment, conclusion)

A

Experimental design

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2
Q

Group of ecosystems with the same climax communities; biomes on land are called terrestrial, on water are called aquatic

A

Biomes

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3
Q

Organism in a food chain that represents a feeding step in the passage of energy and materials through an ecosystem

A

Trophic levels

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4
Q

Model that expresses all the possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community

A

Food web

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5
Q

Organisms that use energy from the sun

A

Autotroph

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6
Q

Consumers

A

Heterotroph

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7
Q

Makes own energy

A

Producer

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8
Q

Orderly, natural changes, and species replacements that take place in ecosystem communities over time

A

Succession (1st and 2nd)

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9
Q

Association of different species

A

Symbiosis

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10
Q

One harms another

A

Parasitism

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11
Q

One benefits, one neither benefits or is harmed

A

Commensalism

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12
Q

Both benefit

A

Mutualism

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13
Q

Number of organisms of one species that an environment can support; populations below increase, above, decrease

A

Carrying capacity

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14
Q

Variety of a life in an area

A

Biodiversity

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15
Q

Occur when predators in a food web suppress the abundance or alter traits of their prey, thereby releasing the next lower trophic level from predation

A

Trophic cascade

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16
Q

The arrangement or spread of people living in a given area

A

Population distribution

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17
Q

Carbon, nitrogen, water, phosphorous cycles

A

Nutrient cycles

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18
Q

+ charged center of an atom, contains protons and neutrons

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

Positively charged particles, inside nucleus

A

Protons

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20
Q

Negatively charged particles in electron cloud

A

Electrons

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21
Q

Neutrally charged particles inside nucleus

A

Neutrons

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22
Q

= protons

A

Atomic number

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23
Q

= protons + neutrons

A

Atomic mass

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24
Q

Chemical bond formed when two atoms combine by sharing electrons

A

Covalent bond

25
Q

Chemical bond formed by the attractive force between two ions of opposite charge

A

Ionic bond

26
Q

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus

A

Isotope

27
Q

Special characteristics of water

A

Polar, transports things, resists temperature changes

28
Q

Movement of particles from higher to an area of lower

A

Diffusion

29
Q

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane depending on the concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane

A

Osmosis

30
Q

Molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule hVing a positive end and a negative end

A

Polar molecule

31
Q

Large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur; provided structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism

A

Proteins

32
Q

Main source for the body to gain energy ; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

A

Carbohydrates

33
Q

Insulate the body to maintain normal body temp, cushion internal organs for protection

A

Lipids

34
Q

Complex macromolecules such as rna and DNase, that store genetic information in cells in the form of a code

A

Nucleic acid

35
Q

Basic building blocks of protein molecules

A

Amino acids

36
Q

Covalent bond formed between amino acids

A

Peptide bond

37
Q

Type of protein found in all living things that increases the rate of chemical reactions

A

Enzyme

38
Q

Unicellular or multicellular organisms such as yeast, plants, and animals, composed of eukaryotic cells, which contain a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles

A

Eukaryotes

39
Q

Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, composed of prokaryotic cells. They lack internal membrane bound structures

A

Prokaryote

40
Q

Membrane bound structures within eukaryotic cells

A

Organelles

41
Q

Clear, gelatinous fluid inside a cell

A

Cytoplasm

42
Q

ER is the site of chemical reactions. Areas where ribosomes do not attach to ER

A

Smooth ER

43
Q

ER has ribosomes attached

A

Rough ER

44
Q

Membrane bound fluid filled space in the cytoplasm of plant cells used for the temporary storage of materials

A

Vacuole

45
Q

Eukaryotic membrane bound organelles that transform energy stored in food molecules into atp; has a highly folded inner membrane that produces energy storing molecules

A

Mitochondria

46
Q

Chlorophyll containing cell organelles found in the cells of green plants and some protists; capture light energy from the sun, which is converted to chemical energy in food molecules

A

Chloroplasts

47
Q

In eukaryotic cells, the central membrane bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA

A

Nucleus

48
Q

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes; digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria

A

Lysosomes

49
Q

Firm, fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists; provides support and protection

A

Cell wall

50
Q

The boundary between the cell and it’s environment, to slow a steady supply of these nutrients to come into the cell no matter what the external conditions are

A

Cell membrane/ plasma membrane

51
Q

Critical for the formation and function; fatty acid rails are no polar, head of the phosphate is polar

A

Phospholipid bilateral

52
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process of maintaining balance within the cell

53
Q

Adaptation

A

Evolution of a structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in an environment

54
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Main source for the body to gain energy, make up cell walls in plants

55
Q

Nucleus

A

Leader of the eukaryotic cell, contains the directions to make proteins

56
Q

Prokaryote

A

Cells lacking internal membrane bound structures, unicellular organisms, bacteria

57
Q

Ribosomes

A

Non membrane bound organelles in the nucleus where enzymes and other proteins are assembled

58
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Two layers of phospholipids back to back (lipids with a phosphate group–phosphorous and oxygen)

59
Q

Compare/contrast plant and animal cells

A

Animal cells have vacuoles

Plant cells are larger than animal cells, and have cell walls and chloroplasts

Biology (12 decks)

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