Ch 6 Test Flashcards
What are three characteristics of water that make it important to the chemistry of living things?
Transports things within living things
Polar
Resists temperature changes
What is the difference between a covalent and an ionic bond?
Covalent: share electrons
Ionic: gain or lose electrons
What are proteins made from?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur -CHONS
What is the function of proteins in the cell/body?
Contracting muscles/tissues
Transports oxygen in blood
Provides immunity, enzymes
What are carbohydrates made from?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen -CHO
What is the function of carbohydrates in the cell/body?
Source of energy for cells
Provide structure for plants
What are lipids made from?
Fats, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen -CHO
What is the function of lipids?
Store energy for later use
Insulate, cushion
Cell membranes
What are nucleic acid made from?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus -CHONP
What is the function of nucleic acid?
Provides the instructions for running the cell and making proteins
Why is the polar property of water important?
Can dissolve any ionic compound
Move in small areas
Attract other polar water molecules
Explain the function of enzymes and why we need so many different kinds.
Found in any living thing
Change the rate of chemical reactions
Involved in almost all metabolic processes
Store and release energy
When is a mixture not a solution?
When you see individual things
Is the compound NaCl ionic, covalent, both, or neither?
Ionic
Ionic, covalent, both or neither: increases the stability of atoms
Both
Ionic, covalent, both, or neither: results in the formation of a molecule
Covalent
Ionic, covalent, both or neither: is formed when atoms share electrons
Covalent
Ionic, covalent, both, or neither: results when a compound changes state (ex: evaporating or melting)
Neither
What is diffusion?
Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
When materials pass into and out of a cell at equal rates, there is no net change in concentration inside the cell. The cell is in a state of:
Dynamic equilibrium
A substance that can be broken down by a chemical reaction
Compound
Name a few jobs that enzymes perform for us.
Store and release energy
Help with digestion of food
Facilitate chemical reactions
Cotton fibers
Carbohydrates
Lactose
Carbohydrates
Honey
Carbohydrates
Silk
Carbohydrates
Blubber
Lipid
Butter
Lipid
Olive oil
Lipid
Soap
Lipid
The molecule that directs your cells to make brown eye pigment
Nucleic acid
Substance used to get a genetic profile of a subject in forensics
Nucleic acid
Ribose
Nucleic acid
Gates in cells
Proteins
Surface molecules on blood cells
Protein
Insulin
Protein
Lipase
Protein
Muscle fiber
Protein
Keratin
Protein
Collagen
Protein
Melittin
Protein
What are monosaccharides?
The simplest/single sugars
A very large molecule, such as a polymer or protein, consisting of many smaller structural units linked together
Macromolecule
Made up of a small number of elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
Biological macromolecule
When atoms in a covalent bond do not share electrons equally
Polar molecules
Attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and oxygen (this is what holds proteins together)
Hydrogen bond
Continuous movements of molecules but no more concentration change
Dynamic equilibrium
Any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water and has a ph below 7
Acid
Any substance that forms hydroxide ions in water and has a ph above 7
Base
Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is from a scale of 0-14
Ph
Compounds with the same simple formula but different 3-D structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties
Isomer
Subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, and phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
Nucleotide
Covalent bond formed between amino acids
Peptide bond
Large molecules formed when many smaller molecules bond together
Polymer
