Ch 6 Test Flashcards

(54 cards)

0
Q

What are three characteristics of water that make it important to the chemistry of living things?

A

Transports things within living things
Polar
Resists temperature changes

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1
Q

What is the difference between a covalent and an ionic bond?

A

Covalent: share electrons
Ionic: gain or lose electrons

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2
Q

What are proteins made from?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur -CHONS

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3
Q

What is the function of proteins in the cell/body?

A

Contracting muscles/tissues
Transports oxygen in blood
Provides immunity, enzymes

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4
Q

What are carbohydrates made from?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen -CHO

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5
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates in the cell/body?

A

Source of energy for cells

Provide structure for plants

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6
Q

What are lipids made from?

A

Fats, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen -CHO

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7
Q

What is the function of lipids?

A

Store energy for later use
Insulate, cushion
Cell membranes

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8
Q

What are nucleic acid made from?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus -CHONP

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9
Q

What is the function of nucleic acid?

A

Provides the instructions for running the cell and making proteins

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10
Q

Why is the polar property of water important?

A

Can dissolve any ionic compound
Move in small areas
Attract other polar water molecules

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11
Q

Explain the function of enzymes and why we need so many different kinds.

A

Found in any living thing
Change the rate of chemical reactions
Involved in almost all metabolic processes
Store and release energy

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12
Q

When is a mixture not a solution?

A

When you see individual things

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13
Q

Is the compound NaCl ionic, covalent, both, or neither?

A

Ionic

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14
Q

Ionic, covalent, both or neither: increases the stability of atoms

A

Both

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15
Q

Ionic, covalent, both, or neither: results in the formation of a molecule

A

Covalent

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16
Q

Ionic, covalent, both or neither: is formed when atoms share electrons

A

Covalent

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17
Q

Ionic, covalent, both, or neither: results when a compound changes state (ex: evaporating or melting)

A

Neither

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18
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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19
Q

When materials pass into and out of a cell at equal rates, there is no net change in concentration inside the cell. The cell is in a state of:

A

Dynamic equilibrium

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20
Q

A substance that can be broken down by a chemical reaction

A

Compound

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21
Q

Name a few jobs that enzymes perform for us.

A

Store and release energy
Help with digestion of food
Facilitate chemical reactions

22
Q

Cotton fibers

A

Carbohydrates

23
Q

Lactose

A

Carbohydrates

24
Honey
Carbohydrates
25
Silk
Carbohydrates
26
Blubber
Lipid
27
Butter
Lipid
28
Olive oil
Lipid
29
Soap
Lipid
30
The molecule that directs your cells to make brown eye pigment
Nucleic acid
31
Substance used to get a genetic profile of a subject in forensics
Nucleic acid
32
Ribose
Nucleic acid
33
Gates in cells
Proteins
34
Surface molecules on blood cells
Protein
35
Insulin
Protein
36
Lipase
Protein
37
Muscle fiber
Protein
38
Keratin
Protein
39
Collagen
Protein
40
Melittin
Protein
41
What are monosaccharides?
The simplest/single sugars
42
A very large molecule, such as a polymer or protein, consisting of many smaller structural units linked together
Macromolecule
43
Made up of a small number of elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
Biological macromolecule
44
When atoms in a covalent bond do not share electrons equally
Polar molecules
45
Attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and oxygen (this is what holds proteins together)
Hydrogen bond
46
Continuous movements of molecules but no more concentration change
Dynamic equilibrium
47
Any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water and has a ph below 7
Acid
48
Any substance that forms hydroxide ions in water and has a ph above 7
Base
49
Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is from a scale of 0-14
Ph
50
Compounds with the same simple formula but different 3-D structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties
Isomer
51
Subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, and phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
Nucleotide
52
Covalent bond formed between amino acids
Peptide bond
53
Large molecules formed when many smaller molecules bond together
Polymer