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CLA 30F > Final Study Guide - Lecture Questions > Flashcards

Final Study Guide - Lecture Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Hybrid

A

An offspring of two different animal types
Today: anything composed of two or more different sources, materials, etc.

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2
Q

Discombobulated

A

Humorous alteration of ‘discompose’ = to be discomforted, disturbed, or confused

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3
Q

Paradigm

A

‘example, model, and mindset’

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4
Q

Scintilla

A

‘a spark, a tiny bit, a minute amount’

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5
Q

Lurid

A

‘pale yellow, fiery glow, ghastly, shocking, sensational’

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6
Q

Biweekly

A

Every two weeks

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7
Q

Semiweekly

A

Every half week; twice a week

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8
Q

Unconscionable

A

Not guided by one’s conscience

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9
Q

Unconscious

A

Not being conscious, being deprived of one’s senses

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10
Q

Tortuous

A

Twisted, either in a literal or figurative sense

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11
Q

Tortured

A

Severe pain or distorted

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12
Q

Primus inter pares

A

First among equals (designating the most senior or prominent member in a group otherwise of the same rank/position)

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13
Q

Ab ovo

A

From the egg = from the beginning/get-go

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14
Q

Carpe diem

A

Pluck/pick the day = seize the day

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15
Q

Caveat emptor

A

Let the buyer beware

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16
Q

Quid pro quo

A

This for that

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17
Q

Did the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) people leave any writing for us to discover their language?

A

No

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18
Q

How did we discover PIE?

A

It is inferred it exists based on shared similarities between languages

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19
Q

How did Latin and the Romance
languages help us in this discovery?

A

Because it provided a real-life example of how languages can develop from others

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20
Q

How are Latin and the Romance languages related?

A

The Romance languages developed from Latin

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21
Q

What was the classical language of India?

A

Sanskrit

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22
Q

How did the European encounter with Sanskrit contribute to the discovery of PIE?

A

Because it was very similar to both Greek and Latin, suggesting they developed from a common language

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23
Q

In which current country do most scholars think the first speakers of PIE originally lived?

A

Ukraine, 7,000 or more years ago

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24
Q

What does cognate literally mean?

A

‘born together’ = kindred, related, cousins

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25
Q

Cognate

A

Originate from a shared linguistic ‘parent’

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26
Q

Borrowings/derivatives

A

Taken from a different language

Fatherly = native English word
Paternal = derivative (Fr. paternel < Latin paternalis > pater)

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27
Q

When was Anglo-Saxon/Old English spoken?

A

400-1100 C.E

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28
Q

When was Middle English spoken?

A

1100-1500 C.E

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29
Q

When was Modern English spoken?

A

1500 C.E. to present

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30
Q

What precipitated the transition from Old to Middle English?

A

The 1066 Norman invasion of England

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31
Q

What precipitated the transition from Middle to Modern English?

A

The introduction of the printing press to England by William Caxton in 1476

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32
Q

What does chaos mean and what did it mean before?

A

Today: confusion
Before: an opening, a gaping

33
Q

Meaning of titanic

A

Something awesome and powerful like the Titans

34
Q

What does adamant mean and what did it mean before?

A

Today: unyielding, inflexible
Before: steel

35
Q

Zeus’ Roman equivalent

A

Jupiter

36
Q

Hades’ Roman equivalent

A

Pluto

37
Q

Poseidon’s Roman equivalent

A

Neptune

38
Q

Hera’s Roman equivalent

A

Juno

39
Q

Demeter’s Roman equivalent

A

Ceres

40
Q

Aphrodite’s Roman equivalent

A

Venus

41
Q

Athena’s Roman equivalent

A

Minerva

42
Q

Apollo’s Roman equivalent

A

Apollo

43
Q

Artemis’ Roman equivalent

A

Diana

44
Q

Hermes’ Roman equivalent

A

Mercury

45
Q

Ares’ Roman equivalent

A

Mars

46
Q

Dionysus’ Roman equivalent

A

Bacchus, Liber

47
Q

Hephaestus’ Roman equivalent

A

Vulcan

48
Q

Hestia’s Roman equivalent

A

Vesta

49
Q

Mercurial meaning

A

Changeable

50
Q

Venereal meaning

A

Relating to sexual intercourse

51
Q

Martial meaning

A

Military, war-loving

52
Q

Jovial meaning

A

Joyous, good-spirited

53
Q

Saturnine meaning

A

Gloomy

54
Q

Heroes who make journeys to the underworld and the words based on them

A

Hercules/Heracles –> Herculean/Heraclean task

Odysseus –> odyssey

55
Q

Liminal meaning

A

Threshold

56
Q

Apotropaic

A

Having the power to avert evil influences or bad luck

57
Q

What is the relationship between Hades and Persephone and who is their Roman equivalent?

A

They are in a relationship, and the Roman equivalent is Pluto and Proserpina

58
Q

What does Hermes do and who is his Roman equivalent?

A

He is a psychopomp, which conducts souls to the afterlife. His Roman equivalent is Mercury

59
Q

Styx

A

The river that separates the realm of the living from the afterworld

60
Q

Elysian fields

A

A paradise where the souls of the virtuous or heroic go after death

61
Q

ψυχή (psyche) original meaning

A

breath

62
Q

anima

A

breath, life-force

63
Q

animus

A

conscious, emotional mind

64
Q

Difference between id, ego, and superego and etymological meaning in Latin

A

Id: The source of raw erotic desire. “it” in Latin
Ego: A person’s sense of self. “I” in Latin
Superego: Inhibitions resulting from internalizing the inhibitions represented by the father. “over-I” in Latin

65
Q

Naming a genus after a person

A

For names that end in consonants or -a, add -ia
Walker → Walkeria
Garza → Garzaia

For names that end in vowels (except -a) add -a
Brelinski → Brelinskia

66
Q

The 4 types of specific epithets

A

An adjective
A participle (present or past)
A noun in apposition to the genus
A noun in the genitive case

67
Q

Genitives

A

A special Latin form of nouns called genitives, which mean OF or ‘s (possession)

For example, taurus means bull, and its genitive is tauri and means “of a bull” or “belonging to a bull”

68
Q

Etymological origin of pole/polar

A

πολος, meaning axis

69
Q

Etymological origin of Arctic, Antarctic

A

αρκτος, Greek for bear

70
Q

Equinox meaning

A

Equal-night

71
Q

Solstice meaning

A

Sun-stop

72
Q

What word does the ‘consider’ trace back to?

A

considerare

73
Q

Etymological origin of planets πλάνητες
(ἀστέρες)

A

Wandering (stars)

74
Q

Etymological origin of cosmos κοσμος

A

Order

75
Q

Etymological origin of sphere σφαιρα

A

Ball

76
Q

Etymological origin of ether αιθηρ

A

Bright sky above ordinary air

77
Q

Etymological origin of meteor μετεωρος

A

In mid-air

78
Q

Etymological origin of comet κομητης
(αστηρ)

A

Long-haired star

79
Q

Etymological origin of nova

A

Derived from the Latin phrase nova stella (new star)

CLA 30F (38 decks)

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