Final: Scavenger Hunt/Module Questions Flashcards
first line for depression
SSRIs
o sertraline
o paroxetine
o fluoxetine
o citalopram
o escitalopram
drug for bipolar disorder that needs sodium levels checked
lithium
what are three medications for bipolar disorder?
o lithium
o valproate
o 2nd gen antipsychotics
- aripiprazole
- lurasidone
- olanzapine
- quetiapine
- risperidone
- ziprasidone
heroin (opioid) overdose reversal
o naloxone (opioid antagonist)
CAM for insomnia
melatonin
first line for short term insomnia
benzodiazepines
name five indications for benzodiazepines
o insomnia
o anxiety
o seizures
o sedation
o muscle relaxation
what are non-pharmacological interventions for insomnia
o lower temp
o lights
o noise
o reduced screen time
o strenuous activity before bed
o no large meals before bedtime
o lower nicotine use
what is the risk of abruptly stopping insomnia medications
rebound insomnia
what is rebound insomnia
insomnia stops -> you stop meds -> insomnia returns
used for ED and BPH
Tadalafil
(phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor)
first line for peptic ulcer
PPIs
o omeprazole
o esomeprazole
o pantoprazole
insomnia medication with BB warning for dependency and abuse
benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA)
(zolpidem, eszopiclone)
celecoxib drug class
NSAID - cox 2 inhibitor
interacts with tyramine
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
o phenelzine
may cause weight gain and sexual dysfunction
SSRI
o sertraline
o paroxetine
o fluoxetine
o citalopram
o escitalopram
ADHD medication that is not a controlled substance
atomoxetine
may cause EPS
first gen antipsychotics
(chlorpromazine, haloperidol)
can be used for acute psychosis
haloperidol
(1st gen antipsychotic)
BB warning for causing GI Bleeding
NSAIDs
o ibuprofen
o meloxicam
o naproxen
o ketorolac
o aspirin
“Strongest” prescription opioid
fentanyl
includes NS, LR, D5W
crystalloids (isotonic fluid)
opioid used for cough relief
codeine
used for insomnia and allergic reactions
1st gen
histamine 1 receptor antagonist
o diphenhydramine
o hydroxyzine
o doxylamine
what is one major difference between first- and second- generation histamine receptor antagonists?
first gen makes you drowsy
o diphenhydramine
o hydroxyzine
o doxylamine
second gen is non-drowsy
o loratidine
o fexofenadine
o cetrizine
what three conditions do histamine receptor antagonists treat
o insomnia
o EPS
o allergies
used for fever, pain, and antiplatelet properties
aspirin
first line for migraines
sumatriptan
(serotonin 5-HT agonist)
reverses diazepam overdose
flumazenil
(GABA receptor antagonist)
first line for RA treatment
NSAIDs
o ibuprofen
o meloxicam
o naproxen
o ketorolac
o aspirin
can cause tinnitus and Reye’s syndrome
aspirin
second line for depression
SNRI
o duloxetine
o venlafaxine
reversed with N-Acetylcysteine
acetaminophen (central acting antagonist) overdose/toxicity
used to introduce the body to a pathogen without making the person sick
vaccines
an immunostimulant
interferons
(interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfa-2a)
what antibiotic is used for exposure prophylaxis to man deadly pathogens
fluoroquinolones
(ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)
BB warning for tendonitis and tendon rupture
fluoroquinolones
(ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)
used to treat symptoms of anxiety (HTN and palpitations)
beta-blockers
(metoprolol, propranol)
treats most herpes viruses
antivirals
(acyclovir, valacyclovir)
ABX coverage for MRSA and VRE
linezolid
(oxazolidinones)
includes tazobactam
beta- lactamase inhibitor
o tazobactam
o sulbactam
o clavulanic acid
is a combination with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
augmentin
ABX only available parenterally
carbapenems
(imipenem, meropenem)
coats a peptic ulcer to allow it to heal
sucralfate
is the most common alternative to penicillin’s
macrolides
(azithromycin, erythromycin)
first line for nausea
ondansetron
(serotonin receptor antagonist)
can be used in a patient allergic to PCN but has a slightly higher risk of cross reaction
cephalosporins
o cefazolin
o ceftriaxone
o cefepime
used for abortion and prevention of peptic ulcers
misoprostol
used intranasally for allergies and can cause rebound congestion
intranasal sympathomimetics (oxymetazoline)
first line for a UTI
nitrofurantoin
first line for long term management of asthma
inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS)
o fluticasone
o budesonide
an expectorant
guaifenesin
last line, short term option, for severe asthma exacerbation
systemic glucocorticoids
o prednisone
o methylprednisone
OTC for cough and can be abused
dextromethorphan (antitussive)
used for ED
phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor
o sildenafil
o tadalafil
o vardenafil
breaks up mucous
acetylcysteine (mucolytic)
used to dry up the secretions in asthma as well as for bronchodilation
anticholinergics
o ipratropium
asthma med that must be taken four ties daily
cromolyn (mast cell stabilizer)
includes salmeterol
beta agonist - long acting (LABA)
used for quick relief for GERD
antacids
o sodium bicarbonate
o calcium carbonate
often used for prevention of constipation in hospitalized patients
surfactant laxatives
o docusate sodium
OTC medication binds to toxins
bismuth subsalicylate
taken for contraception after unprotected sex
emergency contraception
o levonorgestrel
o ulipristal
treats menoupause symptoms
conjugated estrogen
o estrogen replacement
expensive option for RA that takes weeks to months to work
monoclonal antibodies (DMARDs)
o etanercept
o adalimumab
ed for preterm labor and acute asthma
magnesium
can be given as an intraarticular injection for gout or OA
steroids
used to prevent gout
Allopurinol
o xanthine oxidase inhibitors
probenecid
o uricosurics
used to treat AND prevent gout
colchicine
nausea medicine that may cause EPS
phenothiazines
o prochlorperazine
o promethazine
used to treat scurvy
vitamin C
(ascorbic acid)
ed to treat nausea in oncology patients
glucocorticosteroids
sed for infertility in both male and female
Hcg
BB warning for VTE/DVT/Blood cloths
oral contraceptives (OCP)
o norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol
or inducing abortion, cancer, and autoimmune diseases
methotrexate
first line for BPH
alpha one adrenergic antagonists
o tamsulosin
o doxazosin
sends calcium in the bones
calcitonin
metronidazole
antimicrobial
treats narcolepsy
modafinil
first line for IBD
5 aminosalicylates
o sulfasalazine
helps bleeding after childbirth
oxytocin
includes loratadine
Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists (H2RA)
o famotidine
o ranitidine
o loratidine
treats both BPH and HTN
alpha one adrenergic antagonists
o tamsulosin
o doxazosin
oldest class of ABX
sulfonamides
o trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
used for post exposure prophylaxis of deadly pathogens such as the plague
fluoroquinolones
o ciprofloxacin
o levofloxacin
should be recommended to take with food to avoid GI upset
penicillin
o amoxicillin
o ampicillin
o penicillin G & V
must be taken within 48 hours for flu relief
oseltamivir
requires adequate calcium and vitamin D to be effective
Bisphosphonate
o alendronate
o zoledronic acid
Selective estrogen receptor modulators
o raloxifene
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
o omeprazole
o pantoprazole
three times stronger than calcium gluconate
calcium chloride
includes albumin
colloids
o albumin
o dextran 40% in D5W
o plasma protein fraction
o hetastarch 6% in NS
used for stable/non-acute hyperkalemia
o polystyrene sulfonate
o patiromer
used for both seizures and bipolar disorder
anticonvulsant
o valproate
alternative to ICS for long term asthma management
montelukast
o leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA)
includeds cefepime
cephalosporins
o cefazolin
o ceftriaxone
o cefepime
brand name bactrim
sulfonamides
o trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
treats candida
fluconazole (anti-fungal)
first line OTC for long term prevention of constipation
bulk forming laxatives
o psyllium
o methylcellulose
includes phenelzine
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
hepatoxic drug used for the treatment of TB
rifampin
used for cancer, asthma, cholesterol, RA, covid and more
monoclonal antibodies aka DMARDs
o etanercept
o adalimumab
can cause a rash if given with a diagnosis of EBV
penicillin
o amoxicillin
o ampicillin
o penicillin G & V
what six drugs used for inflammation
NSAIDs
o meloxicam
o ibuprofen
o naproxen
o ketorolac
+ celecoxib
what enzyme causes inflammation
cyclooxygenase
what does the nurse need to monitor for/anticipate with a patient taking opioids?
respiratory depression
what causes something to be placed on the list of controlled substances
risk of abuse and dependency
what does a nurse need to know about a drug that is teratogenic
not for pregnant patients or those planning to become pregnant
name two conditions that opioids are used to treat besides pain
o cough
o diarrhea
what are the roles of ASA (aspirin)
o suppression of platelet aggregation
o anti-inflammatory
o fever
o analgesic
what are examples of non-pharmacological pain interventions
o massage
o distraction
o open windows
o lower sound
what scope do nurses have to advise patients in regard to medication questions
none,
that’s for the provider to do
what drug classes are used to prevent migraines
beta-blockers
o metoprolol
o propanol
SNRIs
o duloxetine
o venlafaxine
Anticonvulsant
o valproate
what most patients avoid while taking disulfiram
alcohol of any kind
what syndrome can happen from taking multiple different antidepressants
serotonin syndrome
what are the two primary neurotransmitters that are altered by using antidepressants
o norepinephrine
o serotonin
what is the BB warning for amphetamine and methylphenidate
CNS stimulants
o abuse and dependency
what BB warning do antidepressants come with
increased risk for suicide
what are the side effects of TCAs
amitriptyline, imipramine
o anticholinergic effect
o ECG changes
o CNS depression
o orthostatic hypotension
what patient complaints would you anticipate from patient taking antidepressants
that they are not working because it takes several weeks to take effect
what are S/S of an infection
o increased WBC count
o chills
o fatigue
what is the definition of sepsis
shock due to infection
what is the VAERS
vaccine adverse event reporting system
what is a benefit of narrow-spectrum antibiotics
prevents antibiotic resistance
what is the role of cranberry juice
CAM for UTI PREVENTION
what is antibiotic stewardship
global approach to address antibiotic resistance
what will antibiotics not be effective against
viruses
(ex: bronchitis)
what are the cobination antibiotic drugs
augmentin
o amoxicillin and clavulanate
zosyn
o piperacillin and tazobactam
what should tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycyline) not be taken with
food
drugs ending in what are macrolides
-mycin
what is the BBW for levofloxacin
o tendon rupture
o tendinitis
name two classes of antibiotics that are not preferred as first line agents
aminoglycosides
o gentamicin
o tobramycin
fluoroquinolones
o ciprofloxacin
o levofloxacin
what patient education is needed for the treatment for HIV
o take everyday
o do not miss a dose
how should patients be instructed in the treatment for lice
o wash hair
o apply product and leave for 10 minutes
o remove nits with nit comb
what antibiotic drug classes work by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins
tetracyclines
o tetracycline
o doxycycline
oxazolidines
o linezolid
macrolides
o azithromycin
o erythromycin
what is omalizumab
monoclonal antibodies;
alternative agent for trigger related asthma patients
what does histamine release cause
inflammation
what is the most effective OTC medication for allergic rhinitis
intranasal glucocorticoids
o fluticasone
why are systemic steroids less ideal versus intranasal
systemic steroids have more systemic effect such as:
o hypertension
o high blood sugar
o immunosuppression
o osteoporosis in post menopausal women
what medication for a cough cannot be taken with alchol
codeine (controlled substance class V)
what is the difference between oxygenation and ventilation
Ventilation
o moving air in and out of the lungs
Oxygenation
o increasing the amount of oxygen molecules in air you are breathing
what four drug classes are used for the relief of acute asthma
SABA
o albuterol
Anticholinergic
o ipratropium
Magnesium
Systemic Glucocorticoids
o prednisone
o methylprednisolone
what are two alternative medications (not ICS) for the long term prevention of asthma
methylxanthines
o theophylline
leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA)
o montelukast
what drugs treat acute hyperkalemia?
insulin & glucose
what drugs treat stable hyperkalemia
polystyrene sulfonate or patiromer
what are two indications for IV calcium
hypocalcemia and to protect the heart in the case of severe electrolyte imbalances
what fluid pulls volume into central circulation
hypertonic - 3% sodium chloride
what are the two primary drug classes for the treatment of PUD/GERD
PPIs
o omeprazole
o esomeprazole
o pantoprazole
Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists (H2RA)
o famotidine
o ranitidine
what are common vitamin deficiencies in those with alcohol use disorder
o B1
o B6
o B9
list diseases that come from specific vitamin deficiencies
(i.e. what is deficiency of vitamin C called)?
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid):
o Scurvy
o bleeding gums, bruising, impaired wound healing
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol):
o Rickets (kids)
o Osteomalacia (adults)
o softening and weakening of bones
B1 (Thiamine):
o beriberi
B3 (niacin):
o pellagra
B12 (cyanocobalamin):
o pernicious and other megaloblastic anemias
what are two OTC medications for diarrhea
o loperamide
o bismuth subsalicylate
what is a controlled substance that treats diarrhea
opioid
o diphenoxylate
what is the patient teaching for antacids
dont take other meds with them at the same time
what are lipid soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
what is the preferred route for TPN
central venous
what are the two most common active ingredients in oral contraceptives
estrogen and progesterone
name five patient education points regarding standard 28 day OCP
o should be started greater than 5 days from onset of bleeding
o is generally started on a sunday
o use alternative methods of contraceptives for the first seven days after starting OC
o if you miss a dose, take two pills on your next dose (if you miss two or more doses, use alternative methods until next cycle of meds)
o stop in case pregnancy occurs
what major risk factor is associated with estrogen
blood clots
name three patient education points regarding POP (norethindrone)
o take it at the same time every day
o its okay to use immediately after childbirth/while breastfeeding
o it is less effective than OCP (orethindrone and ethinyl estradiol)
what drug is give to induce ovulation and to promote follicular growth
clomiphene (ovulation stimulant)
what causes a shift of calcium supply from the bones to the blood
parathyroid hormone
o can cause hypercalcemia
which vitamins are fat soluble
A, D, E, K
which vitamins are water soluble
B, C
what vitamin deficiencies does alcohol use disorder most commonly cause
B1, B6, B9
what is TPN
o amino acids
o carbs
o minerals
o vitamins
o lipids
what are two things the nurse should know about giving TPN
o it contains everything you need to survive
o blood glucose levels can be affected
o the body gets used to it and stops using the GI system so it atrophies and stops being viable
