Exam 4: Study Packet (new) Flashcards
what are the key assessments for a nurse to monitor in a patient taking TPN?
o extravasation
o S/S
o edema
o FVE (fluid volume excess)
o electrolytes
o glucose
what is the MOA for PPI?
inhibits the enzyme that generates gastric acid
what is the MOA for H2RA?
reduces gastric juices and acidity of it
what is the MOA for Sucralfate?
creates a coat over the ulcer
S/S of BPH?
o frequent urination
o difficulty starting urination
o nocturia
o hematuria
o UTIs
o weak urine stream
what three drug classes treat BPH?
o Alpha 1 Adrenergic Antagonists
o 5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors
o Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor
what adverse effect is shared by all medications containing estrogen?
o thromboembolic events/blood clots
what increases the risk of thromboembolic events/blood clots?
smoking
why do we give drugs to increase uterine contractions?
o induction of labor
o postpartum hemorrhage
what drug is used to increase uterine contractions?
Oxytocin
what three drug classes are used for the treatment of PUD/GERD?
o PPI
o H2RA
o Antacids
what three drug classes are used for the treatment of PUD/GERD?
Order them from quickest to slowest onset.
o Antacids
o H2RA
o PPI
how is total parenteral nutrition (TPN) stored?
o refrigerated
o must be removed 30 min at room temp prior to administration
what condition is treated by shrinking the prostate?
BPH
what drug class works by slowing down the progression of RA?
DMARDs
o methotrexate
o 5 amino salicylates
o hydrochloroquine
o (monoclonal antiboidies)
what is the difference in route of administration of antiemetics in a patient that is nauseous versus one that is vomiting?
Nausea = PO, ODT
Vomiting = IV, IM
what does a positive test for human chorionic gonadotropin hormone indicate (HCG)?
pregnancy
what are the three adverse effects of magnesium that the nurse should monitor for?
o respiratory depression
o hypotension
o cardiac arrhythmias
o red & flushed skin
o electrolyte imbalance
what is the pathophysiology of osteoporosis?
bone disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility & higher risk of fractures
who is at greatest risk for osteoporosis?
o older adults
o menopausal women
o immobile patients
name three drugs, from different classes, that are used to treat obesity?
o Orlistat
o GLP-1 Agonist
o Phentermine
how would you educate a patient that is seeking counseling on weight loss?
o diet & exercise
o should not be taken during pregnancy
what is AUD?
Alcohol Use Disorder
what does having AUD place the patient at risk for (name at least 5)?
o deficiencies in:
what does having AUD place the patient at risk for (name at least 5)?
o deficiencies in vitamins B1, B6, B9
o liver damage
o delirium tremens (DTs)
o seizures
how is Medroxyprogesterone different from other Estrogen Contraceptives?
Medroxyprogesterone
o oral
o injection
Estrogen Contraceptives
o oral
name three drugs for the treatment of ED?
o Tadalafil
o Sildenafil
o Vardenafil
what is an infamous AE of Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil)?
priapism
what is breakthrough bleeding?
term used to describe unexpected bleeding or spotting that occurs between menstrual periods in individuals who use birth control pills, patches, & IUD
what supplements ae required for those using PPIs long term? Why?
o calcium
o vitamin D
long term use increases risk of fractures
what improves constipation as well as glucose levels and cholesterol?
o increase fiber
o increase fluid & activity
what is the MOA for docusate sodium?
helps water enter stool
what component in the stool determines whether a patient has constipation or diarrhea?
Constipation
o not enough fluid (water) in stool
o hard
Diarrhea
o too much fluid (water) in stool
o soft
what is dry mucous membranes a sign of?
o dehydration
o fluid & electrolyte imbalance
what vitamin is teratogenic?
Vitamin A
what two drug classes decrease the efficacy of OCPs?
o abx
o antiepileptic
what would you recommend to a patient that needs to take short term abx while on OCP?
use alternative forms of contraception
what CAM should be avoided in those taking OCPs?
St. John’s Wart
what drugs should the patient taking nitrates for angina avoid taking?
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor
o Sildenafil
o Tadalafil
o Vardenafil
the use of what drug can cause dysphagia?
Alendronate
what are the risk factors for developing a DVT?
o taking OCP
o smoking
what are three indications for phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors?
o ED (erectile dysfunction)
o pulmonary artery hypertension
o BPH
what drug has a black box warning for virilization?
testosterone
what is virilization?
