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NUR 334: Pharmacology > Exam 1 Study Guide: Goldstein > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide: Goldstein Flashcards

1
Q

parenteral routes absorbed through mucous membrane (MM)

A

buccal
sublingual
rectal (PR)
vaginal

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2
Q

intravenous (IV)
subcutaneous (SC, sub-q)
intramuscular (IM)
intraosseous (IO)

A

Parenteral routes

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3
Q

100% interchangeable with another route such as IV

A

intraosseous (IO)

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4
Q

absorbed through the skin going into circulation

A

transdermal (TD)

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5
Q

into the nose

A

intranasal (IN)

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6
Q

absorbed through the skin - localized

A

topical

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7
Q

into the eyes

A

ophthalmic

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8
Q

into the ears

A

otic

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9
Q

just beneath the skin
TB

A

intradermal

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10
Q

oral (PO)
nasogastric tube (NG)
orogastric tube (OG)
oral disintegrating tablets (ODT)

A

enteral routes

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11
Q

will have the quickest onset

A

parenteral

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12
Q

using medications for improving health

A

pharmacotherapeutics

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13
Q

how medications move through the body

A

pharmacokinetics

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14
Q

the way a drug effects changes in the body

A

pharmacodynamics

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15
Q

what a drug does that leads to the drugs desired effects

A

mechanism of action (MOA)

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16
Q

what the company markets the drug as

what the public uses

A

trade/brand name

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17
Q

what is most often used in healtchare

A

generic name

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18
Q

a single pill or solution that contains multiple medications

i.e Nyquil - vicodin

A

combination drug

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19
Q

drugs that are FDA approved and deemed safe for the public to regulate consumption

low risk to general public

A

OTC

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20
Q

how quickly the medication takes effect

A

onset

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21
Q

how long the medication lasts

A

duration

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22
Q

what the medication is used for

A

indications

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23
Q

how long unil the medication level drops by half

A

half-life

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24
Q

when a large dose is given to quickly, bringing the drug to therapeutic levels

A

loading dose

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25
Q

example of a loading and maintenance dose

A

z-pack
zethromicine

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26
Q

when a dose is given to maintain the current levels

A

maintenance dose

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27
Q

how strong a medication is

A

potency

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28
Q

how effective a medication is
most effective

A

efficacy

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29
Q

when a medication stimulates the effects of a receptor or substance

activates

A

agonist

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30
Q

examples of agonists

A

heroin-opioid receptors
serotonin 5-HT agonist

31
Q

when a medication inhibits the effects of a receptor or a substance

deactivates

A

antagonist

32
Q

examples of antagonist

A

NSAIDs
narcan
acetamenophine
beta blocker

33
Q

when a medication is used for an effect other than what it is FDA approved for

A

off-label use

34
Q

slow discontinuation of medication

A

taper

35
Q

slow increase of medication

A

titrate

36
Q

applies only to drugs, does not provide information on latex, shellfish, or any other allergies

A

NKDA

no known drug allergies

37
Q

applies to everything

A

NKA

no known allergies

38
Q

is when a patient does not respond to a medication or treatment

A

refractory

39
Q

an alert of potential risk with a medication

A

black box warning

40
Q

an alert to consider the risk versus benefit of a medication

A

consideration

41
Q

an alert to not give the medication in the circumstance where it is contraindicated

A

contraindication

42
Q

a vial that has more than one dose in it

i.e. insulin

A

multi-dose vial (MDV)

43
Q

the lowest concentration where the medication is effective

A

minimum effective concentration

44
Q

the concentration where the medication is toxic

A

toxic concentration

45
Q

the area between effective and toxic concentrations

A

therapeutic range

46
Q

substances that are taken for health that are not regulated like medications by the FDA

A

Complementary and Alternative Medications (CAM)

47
Q

examples of CAM

A

ginger, hawthorn, garlic, turmeric, honey, etc.

48
Q

being considerate of costs in making medication decisions

A

pharmacoeconomics

49
Q

what factors of absorption impact the delivery of the medication

A

blood flow
route
etc.

50
Q

no federally approved medical uses

no legit medical purpose
ex: heroin, marijuana, LSD, etc.

A

Schedule 1

51
Q

approved medical use and the highest level risk of abuse and dependency

ex: hydromorphone, fentanyl, morphine, etc.

A

Schedule 2

52
Q

high risk for abuse and dependency but less than I/II

ex: amphetamine, pentobarbital, etc.

A

Schedule 3

53
Q

relatively low risk of dependency and abuse

ex: benzodiazepines, etc.

A

Schedule 4

54
Q

lowest relative risk of abuse and dependency

products containing small amounts of codeine

A

Schedule 5

55
Q

if patient says the meds aren’t working, what do you do?

A

ask “how are you taking your meds?”

56
Q

check respiration rate and respiratory depth for?

A

opioid distress

57
Q

what are the 4 drug classes?

A

opioid agonists/antagonists
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
NSAID: COX 2 inhibitors
Central acting antagonists

58
Q

opioid agonists drugs

A

fentanyl
hydromorphone (dilaudid)
morphine
codeine

59
Q

what drug is used to reverse in cases of respiratory depression?

A

Naloxone (narcan)

60
Q

example of a combination medication with acetaminophen?

A

Vicodin (hydrocodone and acetaminophen)

61
Q

considered an opioid by some sources and non-opioid analgesic in others?

A

tramadol (ultram)

62
Q

NSAID drugs

A

ibuprofen (advil, motrin): OTC
ketrolac (torodol): Rx
meoxicam (mobic): Rx
naproxen (aleve): OTC
Aspirin

63
Q

what is opioid used for?

A

pain

codeine (cough)

64
Q

SE/AE for opioid agonists

A

respiratory depression
constipation
nausea
sedation

65
Q

what is NSAID used for?

A

anti-inflammatory
analgesia
antipyretic

66
Q

SE/AE for NSAIDs

A

GI bleeding
nephrotoxicity
hepatotoxicity

67
Q

aspirin is not to be used in childrent under 18yo due to risk of what?

A

Reye’s Syndrome

68
Q

what NSAID medication is the only one used for tinnitus?

A

Aspirin

69
Q

NSAID: COX - 2 inhibitors drug

A

celecoxib (celebrex)

70
Q

what is NSAID: COX-2 inhibitor used for?

A

anti-inflammatory in RA and OA

71
Q

Central Acting Antagonist drug

A

Acetaminophen (tylenol) - not an anti-inflammatory

72
Q

what is central acting antagonist drugs used for?

A

analgesia and antipyretic

73
Q

what is used to reverse acetaminophen overdose?

A

N-Acetylcysteine

NUR 334: Pharmacology (13 decks)

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