Final Review: Cardiovascular/Respiratory

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the heart from outside to inside?

Answer 1

Epicardum–>Myocardium–>Endocardium

Question 2

What are purkinje fibers and where are they found?

Answer 2

Modified conductive cardiomyocytes

Found under endocardium, lining ventricular septum

Question 3

Atrial cells contain _______ _______ _______ that contain _______ _______ _______ which serves as an antagonist to _______ and preventing hypervolumia.

Answer 3

Atrial cell granules
Atrial natriuretic factor
Angiotensin II

Question 4

Which types of arteries (i.e. aorta) have an abundance of elastic lamina in the tunica media?

Answer 4

Elastic arteries

Question 5

In an arteriole, the tunica media is _______ in relation to the size of the lumen.

Answer 5

Thick

Question 6

What elastic membranes are found between the three layers of a blood vessel

Answer 6

Internal & external elastic membranes

Question 7

What are the characteristics of continuous capillaries?

Answer 7

Continuous cytoplasm, cell membrane, & basement membrane

Question 8

Continuous capillaries are the most common type of capillary. T/F

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What are the characteristics of fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 9

Holes in cytoplasm and cell membrane, but continuous basal membrane

Question 10

What are fenestrated capillaries characteristic of?

Answer 10

Endocrine glands and renal glomerular capillaries

Question 11

What are the characteristics of discontinuous capillaries?

Answer 11

Holes in cytoplasm, cell membrane, and basal membrane. Gaps between cells are larger than in fenestrated

Question 12

Where are discontinuous capillaries found?

Answer 12

Liver and spleen

Question 13

What is respiratory epithelium characterized as?

Answer 13

Pseudostratified, ciliated with goblet cells

Question 14

What type of epithelium covers the true vocal folds and the lingual surface of the epiglottis?

Answer 14

Stratified, non-keratinized squamous

Question 15

What type of cartilage is found int eh adventitia of the trachea?

Answer 15

Horseshow-shaped hyaline cartilage

Question 16

What type of epithelium is olfactory mucosa?

Answer 16

Pseudostratified columnar lacking goblet cells with no distinct basement membrane

Question 17

What types of cells/glands are in the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 17

Olfactory cells
Basal cells
Sustentacular cells
Olfactory glands of Bowman

Question 18

Where are odorant binding proteins produced?

Answer 18

In Bowman’s glands in olfactory epithelium

Question 19

What decreases/increases as the bronchi become smaller?

Answer 19

Height of epithelium, cartilage & glands decrease

Proportion of elastic fibers/smooth muscles increase

Question 20

What are bronchioles characterized by?

Answer 20

Smooth muscle, ciliated columnar epithelium, absence of cartilage, sparse goblet cells, & lack of seromucous glands

Question 21

Type I pneumoctyes are _______ numerous than type II, but cover _______ surface area.

Answer 21

Less

More

Question 22

Type II pneumocytes & Clara cells produce _______?

Answer 22

Surfactant

Question 23

Where are Clara cells found?

Answer 23

Only in the bronchioles

Question 24

What is the term for macrophages in the lungs?

Answer 24

Dust cells

Question 25

What type of capillary endothelium does the blood-brain barrier consist of? Thick or Thin?

Answer 25

Thin

Question 26

What type of pneumocyte epithelium does the blood-air barrier consist of? Thick or Thin?

Answer 26

Thin

Question 27

The intervening basal lamina of the blood-air barrier is produced by?

Answer 27

Pneumocytes & endothelial cells