Final Review: Cardiovascular/Respiratory Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of the heart from outside to inside?
Epicardum–>Myocardium–>Endocardium
What are purkinje fibers and where are they found?
Modified conductive cardiomyocytes
Found under endocardium, lining ventricular septum
Atrial cells contain _______ _______ _______ that contain _______ _______ _______ which serves as an antagonist to _______ and preventing hypervolumia.
Atrial cell granules
Atrial natriuretic factor
Angiotensin II
Which types of arteries (i.e. aorta) have an abundance of elastic lamina in the tunica media?
Elastic arteries
In an arteriole, the tunica media is _______ in relation to the size of the lumen.
Thick
What elastic membranes are found between the three layers of a blood vessel
Internal & external elastic membranes
What are the characteristics of continuous capillaries?
Continuous cytoplasm, cell membrane, & basement membrane
Continuous capillaries are the most common type of capillary. T/F
True
What are the characteristics of fenestrated capillaries?
Holes in cytoplasm and cell membrane, but continuous basal membrane
What are fenestrated capillaries characteristic of?
Endocrine glands and renal glomerular capillaries
What are the characteristics of discontinuous capillaries?
Holes in cytoplasm, cell membrane, and basal membrane. Gaps between cells are larger than in fenestrated
Where are discontinuous capillaries found?
Liver and spleen
What is respiratory epithelium characterized as?
Pseudostratified, ciliated with goblet cells
What type of epithelium covers the true vocal folds and the lingual surface of the epiglottis?
Stratified, non-keratinized squamous
What type of cartilage is found int eh adventitia of the trachea?
Horseshow-shaped hyaline cartilage
What type of epithelium is olfactory mucosa?
Pseudostratified columnar lacking goblet cells with no distinct basement membrane
What types of cells/glands are in the olfactory epithelium?
Olfactory cells
Basal cells
Sustentacular cells
Olfactory glands of Bowman
Where are odorant binding proteins produced?
In Bowman’s glands in olfactory epithelium
What decreases/increases as the bronchi become smaller?
Height of epithelium, cartilage & glands decrease
Proportion of elastic fibers/smooth muscles increase
What are bronchioles characterized by?
Smooth muscle, ciliated columnar epithelium, absence of cartilage, sparse goblet cells, & lack of seromucous glands
Type I pneumoctyes are _______ numerous than type II, but cover _______ surface area.
Less
More
Type II pneumocytes & Clara cells produce _______?
Surfactant
Where are Clara cells found?
Only in the bronchioles
What is the term for macrophages in the lungs?
Dust cells
