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Adult Development and Aging > final review > Flashcards

final review Flashcards

1
Q

ch 8: basic concepts of age related stereotypes

A
  • beliefs about characteristics, attributes, and behaviors of members of certain groups
  • older adults have more positive stereotypes of aging
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2
Q

ch 8: how stereotypes guide our behaviors

A
  • often overlearned, activation of automatic and unconscious stereotypes (implicit)
  • can be positive or negative
  • guide the way we treat elderly and the aging process
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3
Q

ch 8: age related double standard

A

person attributes older person’s failure in memory as more serious cognitive decline, while younger adults is attributed to lack of attention

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4
Q

ch 8: stereotype threat

A

evoked fear of being judged in accordance with a negative stereotype about a group to which you belong (ex. females primed with stuff about math, do worse); vulnerable to environmental cues

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5
Q

ch 8: negative aging stereotypes impacts functioning in older adults

A

memory, balance, cardiovascular response (priming effect)

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6
Q

ch 8: generational social beliefs/social knowledge

A
  • knowledge from previous experience, schemas throughout life
  • defined by how we represent and interpret the behavior of others in a social situation
  • maintain social scripts
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7
Q

ch 8: factors that influence social knowledge

A

cohort effect, life stage and circumstances, life stage development, age differences, content, strength, likelihood of automatic activation

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8
Q

ch 8: impression formation in older adults

A
  • the way we form and revise impressions about others
  • declines in cognitive processing resources impact the social judgement process
  • we make initial snap decisions that change later after reflective thinking
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9
Q

ch 8: differences between older and younger adults (impression formation)

A

-older adults have more rigid initial impressions, search for more emotional info, use ALL info available to them

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10
Q

ch 8; understand the negativity bias

A

when people allow their initial negative impressions to stand despite subsequent positive information
-adults more prone to negative because its more striking; seek out emotional info

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11
Q

ch 8: know diff types of attributions; causal

A

explanations people construct to explain behavior; why behavior occurs

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12
Q

ch 8: know diff types of attributions; dispositional

A

behavioral explanations that reside within the person

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13
Q

ch 8: know diff types of attributions; situational

A

behavioral explanations that reside outside the person

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14
Q

ch 8: cognitive style

A

how we approach solving problems (visual, active experimentation, kinestetic, concrete experience, auditory, reflective observation

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15
Q

ch 8: how and why personal goals change

A
  • socioemotional selectivity theory–where we invest resources
  • selective optimization with compensation–re-evaluating interests, shifting priorities
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16
Q

ch 8: personal control

A

degree to which a person believes that their performance in a situations depend on something they do

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17
Q

ch 8: Brandstader

A

preservation and stabilization of positive view of the self and personal development later in life includes 3 independent process

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18
Q

ch 8: assimilative activities

A

prevent losses important to self-esteem; memory aids, lists, calendars

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19
Q

ch 8: accommodations

A

readjusting goals and aspirations to lessen effects of negative self-evaluations; run half mile instead of one

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20
Q

ch 8: immunizing mechanisms

A

alter the effects of self-discrepant info

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21
Q

ch 8: cognitive collaboration

A

two or more work together to solve cognitive tasks; collaboration helps facilitate memory

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22
Q

ch 9: 5 dimensions of personality costa and mccrae

A

openness, concientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neurotisicm

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23
Q

ch 9: openness

A

fantasy, aesthetics, action, ideas, values

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24
Q

ch 9: conscientious

A

hardworking, ambitious, energetic, scrupulous, persevering, eager

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25
Q

ch 9: extraversiou

A

warmth, gregariousness, assertive,a ctivity, excitement seeking, positive

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26
Q

ch 9: agreeableness

A

kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm, considerat

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27
Q

ch 9: neuroticism

A

anxiety, hostility, self-conscious, depression

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28
Q

ch 9: 3 levels of eprsonality structure and function

A

dispositional, personal concerns, life narrative

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29
Q

ch 9: dispositional traits

A

stable, remain throughout lifespan (shy, talkative, mean)

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30
Q

ch 9: personal concerns

A

things important to people/goals/concerns, motivational/developmental depending on life stage (starting family, get job, retire)

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31
Q

ch 9: life narrative

A

aspects of personality that pull everything together, integrative aspects that give person identity

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32
Q

ch 9: jung’s theory

A

balance, integrating dimensions of self

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33
Q

ch 9: eriksons theory

A

interaction between inner plan and external societal demands; 8 stages

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34
Q

ch 9: erikson’s 8 stages

A
  1. trust vs mistrust
  2. autonomy vs shame/doubt
  3. initiative vs guilt
  4. industry vs inferiority
  5. identity vs identity confusion
  6. intimacy vs isolation
  7. generativity vs stagnation
  8. ego vs despair
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35
Q

ch 9: generativity

A

concern to establish and guide the next generation; pride/embarrassment, responsibility/ambivalence, productivity/inadequacy, parenthood/self-absorption; set of impulses (biological, technical, cultural, agentic, communal)

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36
Q

ch 9: presence and utility of midlife transitions

A

midlife correction: take good look at selves in middle life to achieve better understanding of self, reevaluation ones roles and dreams and making necessary corrections

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37
Q

ch 9: purpose of life story

A

internalized narrative with beginning, middle, end; sense of unity/purpose in lives, better understand identity

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38
Q

ch 9: identity formation

A

sense of past, present and future; identity values social constructs (friends, family, religion)

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39
Q

ch 10: basic assessments used to diagnose

A

mental status exam (mental competence), interview, self-report, report from others, psychophysiological assessment, direct observation, performance based assessment

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40
Q

ch 10: basic symptoms of dpression

A

dysphoria, insomnia, changes in appetite, diffused pain, trouble breathing, headaches, fatigue, sensory loss; 2 weeks with other causes ruled out

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41
Q

ch 10: basic symptoms of Alzheimer’s

A

progressive, degenerative, fatal; rapid cell death, neurofibrillary tangles/plaques; changes in cognitive function, declines in personal care, inappropriate social behavior, disorientation, diff communication

42
Q

ch 10: basic symptoms of Parkinson’s

A

wandering, incontinence, slow walking, hand tremors

43
Q

ch 10: basic symptoms of anxiety

A

dry mouth, sweating, dizziness, upset stomach, diarrhea, insomnia, chest pain, hyperventilation; physical changes that interfere with functioning, underlying health problems

44
Q

ch 10: basic symptoms of delirium

A

disturbance of consciousness that develops rapidly; attention, memory, orientation, language; due to medical conditions, medication side effect, intoxication/withdrawal, exposure to toxins

45
Q

ch 10: basic symptoms of bipolar

A

mania and depression

46
Q

ch 10: different aspects of treatment

A

therapy or medications

47
Q

ch 10: therapy

A

different ages present different problems (for older adults, focus on: recovery, promotion successful aging, neuroplasticity, prevention, intervention); psyhotherapy, behavior, cognitive, relaxation training

48
Q

ch 10: medications

A

SSRI, SNR, DNRI, ECT, memory improvement drugs, increase dopamine, benzodiazepine, beta blockers

49
Q

ch 10: sundowning

A

symptoms are worse in the evening

50
Q

ch 11: benefits of friendship

A

affective, communal nature, sociability and compatibility, foster independence, physical, emotional, immune system, QOL, socioemotional selectivity (goals of social contact-info seeking, self-concept, emotional regulation)

51
Q

ch 11: types of abuse

A

emotional, physical, financial neglect, sexual, abandonment

52
Q

ch 11: factors that lead to maritial satisfaction/divorce

A

age, education level, financial security and pregnancy, exchange theory, homogamy

53
Q

ch 11: satisfaction changes in marriag

A

U-shaped graph

54
Q

ch 11: sandwich generation

A

middle aged parent, taking care of their parents and children

55
Q

ch 11: changes in role of grandparent

A

pass on skills, traditions; take care of grandkids sometimes

56
Q

ch 11: empty nest syndrome

A

depression that comes when kids move out

57
Q

ch 12: career construction theory

A

build career through actions from personal characteristics and social context

58
Q

ch 12: holland’s personality type theory

A

RAISEC (realistic, artistic, investigative, social, enterprising, conventional)

59
Q

ch 12: realistic

A

public health vet/dentist

60
Q

ch 12: artistic

A

public health communications specialist

61
Q

ch 12: investigative

A

epidemiologist, environmental health specialist, health services researcher

62
Q

ch 12: social

A

health educator, health promotion specialist

63
Q

ch 12: enterprising

A

public healthy policy maker/planner

64
Q

ch 12: conventional

A

biostatistician, data administrator

65
Q

ch 12: reality shock

A

realizing that what you learn in the classroom does not always transfer directly into the real world

66
Q

ch 12: alienation

A

feeling that what one is doing is meaningless, can’t see connection between what we do and the final product

67
Q

ch 12: burnout

A

depletion of energy and motivation

68
Q

ch 12: roles that mentor plays for mentee

A

learn skills, get advice

69
Q

ch 12: benefits that mentor gets

A

generativity, leadership

70
Q

ch 12: obsessive passion

A

compulsion to engage in passionate activity that makes it hard to want to engage in other activities

71
Q

ch 12: harmonious passion

A

freely choose to engage in activity, don’t feel compelled

72
Q

ch 12: career plateauing

A

can’t advance anymore

73
Q

ch 12: glass celining

A

the level to which women may rise in a company, but not go beyond

74
Q

ch 12: pay differential

A

females income is 81% of males

75
Q

ch 12: impact of leisure on stress

A

improving health, increase optimism, participate in enjoyable activities, personal transformation

76
Q

ch 12: what leads someone to retirement

A

health change, lost job, forced out, wanted to; need something to do, social support

77
Q

ch 13: clinical death

A

lack of heart beat and respiration, whole brain death

78
Q

ch 13: persistent vegetative state

A

occur when cortical functioning ceases, person doesn’t recover

79
Q

ch 13: how death varies from culture to culture

A

traditions, etc

80
Q

ch 13: bioethics

A

interaction between human values and technological advances

81
Q

ch 13: active euthanasia

A

deliberately ending someone’s life through intervention

82
Q

ch 13: passive euthanasia

A

withholding treatment to end someone’s life

83
Q

ch 13: 5 stages of grief and examples

A
  1. denial
  2. anger
  3. bargaining
  4. depression
  5. acceptance
84
Q

ch 13: terror management

A

why people engage in certain behaviors to achieve particular psychological states based on deeply rooted concerns about mortality; ensure continuation of life, fear of unknown, death anxiety

85
Q

ch 13: palliative care

A

pain management throughout life

86
Q

ch 13: hospice care

A

quality of life at very end

87
Q

ch 13: grief

A

sorrow, hurt, anger, guilt, confusion, etc that arise after loss; active coping process

88
Q

ch 13: bereavement

A

state or condition caused by loss through death, no control over

89
Q

ch 13: mourning

A

the way we express our grief, cultural norms

90
Q

ch 13: importance of end of life issues

A

living will, power of attorney, making decisions about what you want

91
Q

ch 13: understand the steps needed to facilitated the grieving process

A
  1. acknowledge the reality of loss
  2. work through emotional turmoil
  3. adjust to the environment where the deceased is absent
  4. loosen ties to the deceased
  5. understand that grief is an active coping process
92
Q

ch 14: traits describing older adults

A

higher education, more technologically savvy

93
Q

ch 14: social security

A

financial support after retirement, lots of baby boomers drawing benefits now

94
Q

ch 14: medicare

A
  • eligibility–65+, disabled, kidney failure
  • part A: inpatient hospital, skilled nursing, hospice
  • part B: outpatient services, medical supplies
  • part D: some coverage for prescription meds
95
Q

ch 14: quality of life

A

one’s well being and life satisfaction

96
Q

ch 14: strategies for successful aging

A

healthy lifestyle, remain cognitively active, stay positive, maintain intact social network, stay economically stable

97
Q

ch 14: different levels of prevention and examples

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

98
Q

ch 14: primary intervention

A

any intervention that prevents disease or condition from occurring (immunization, healthy diet)

99
Q

ch 14: secondary intervention

A

program instituted early after a condition has begun and before significant impairment (cancer screening, medical tests)

100
Q

ch 14: tertiary prevention

A

efforts to avoid development of complications or secondary chronic conditions, manage pain associated with primary chronic condition, sustain life (move bedridden patient to prevent sores, medical intervention, moving after surgery)

101
Q

ch 14: quaternary prevention

A

efforts aimed at improving functional capacities of people with chronic conditions (cognitive interventions, rehab post surgery)

102
Q

possible essay topics

A

grief, mental health treatment, personal goals

Adult Development and Aging (7 decks)

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