chapter 5-where people live; environment interactions

Question 1

B=f(P,E)

Answer 1

behavior is a function of the person and environment; act in different ways depending on the environment

Question 2

three dialectics in social interatcion

Answer 2

behavior
person
environment

Question 3

competence

Answer 3

the theoretical upper limit of a persons capacity to function inf 5 domains

Question 4

competence: 5 domains

Answer 4

1. physical health
2. sensory-perceptual skills
3. motor skills
4. cognitive skills
5. ego strength (psychological health)

Question 5

environmental press

Answer 5

the varying types of demands that the environment places on the person

Question 6

types of environmental press

Answer 6

physical: walking up stairs
interpersonal: adjusting behavior to different people
societal: dealing with expected laws and customs

Question 7

adaptation level

Answer 7

where behavior and affect are normal, slight increases in press improve performance, slight decreases create a zone of maximum comfort

Question 8

preventative and corrective proactivity model

Answer 8

explains how life stressors and lack of good congruence in person environment interactions result in poor life outcomes

Question 9

two types of proactive adaptations: preventative

Answer 9

actions that avoid stressors and increase or build social resources

Question 10

two types of proactive adaptations: corrective

Answer 10

actions taken in response to stressors and can be facilitated by internal and external resources

Question 11

proactivity model of success

Answer 11

**flow chart in powerpoint

Question 12

stress and coping framework

Answer 12

interaction with the environment can produce stress

Question 13

stress and coping framework: evaluating situation and surroundings for threat value

Answer 13

harmful, beneficial, irrelevant

Question 14

stress and coping framework: if harmful threat, what is the coping mehanism and response

Answer 14

distraction, behavioral activation, medication

Question 15

common theoretical themes and everyday competence: everyday competence

Answer 15

persons potential ability to perform a wide range of activities considered essential for independent living; older adults can age in place to the extent tha ttheir everyday competence permits

Question 16

the ecology of aging

Answer 16

seeks to understand the dynamic relations between older adults and the environments they inhabit

Question 17

aging in place

Answer 17

to age in their home; balance environment press and competence through selection and compensation

Question 18

best option to age

Answer 18

significant cognitive or physical impairment requiring intervention?

Question 19

measure impairment how

Answer 19

capacity evaluations, neuropsychological and physical exams, report and observations from family/caregivers

Question 20

home modification

Answer 20

modify the home to age there

Question 21

adult day care:

Answer 21

designed to provide support, companionship, and services during the day; mental stimulation, exercise, therapy services

Question 22

adult day care: 3 types

Answer 22

1. social services, meals, recreation, minor health care
2. more intensive health care, therapy, serious medical problems
3. specialize care for dementia or developmental disabilities

Question 23

congregate housing

Answer 23

apartment complex for older adults, shared meals, more affordable

Question 24

to live in congregate housing

Answer 24

1. not require continual medical care
2. know where they are and oriented to time
3. no evidence of disruptive behavior
4. be able to make independent decisions
5. follow specific plan

Question 25

assisted living

Answer 25

supportive living arrangement for people who need assistance with personal care but are not physically or mentally impaired enough to require 24 hour care

Question 26

3 attributes of assisted living

Answer 26

1. as home like as possible
2. emphasize personal control, choice, dignity, autonomy
3. should meet routine services and special needs

Question 27

two levels of nusring home care

Answer 27

skilled nursing ( Consisting of 24 hour care, including medical and other health services) and intermediate care (less intense)

Question 28

who is most likely to live in a nursing home

Answer 28

§ Over 85
			§ European American 
			§ Females 
			§ Recently admitted to a hospital 
			§ Lives in retirement housing rather than being a homeowner 
			§ Widowed or divorced
			§ No children or siblings nearby 
			§ Has some cognitive impairment 
			§ Has one or more problems with IADL 
Health issues and functional impairment

Question 29

health issues and functional impairment

Answer 29

mental and physical problems are main reason for placement 80% of time, 1/3 have mobility eating or incontinence probs, 30-50% show depression

Question 30

what to consider when looking for home

Answer 30

competence-environmental press model; optimal level of environmental support for people of low levels of competence

Question 31

special care units

Answer 31

memory aids (wayfinding), structure and programming (routine, recreation, reminiscence)

Question 32

can a nursing home be a home

Answer 32

□ Being included in the decision and selection of a specific nursing home
□ Having prior knowledge of, and positive experience of a specific facility (visit, tour)
□ Defining home in terms of family and social relationships rather than place, objects, or total autonomy
□ Establish a continuity between home and nursing home
® Bringing in personal affects
□ Reminiscing about home may facilitate adjustment
Important to be mindful that somedays will be easier than others (depending on the stimuli)

Question 33

communication donts

Answer 33

§ Patronizing speech 
			§ Infantilization or elderspeak 
			§ Inappropriate use of first names
			§ Terms of endearment 
			§ Assumption of greater impairment than may be the case
			§ Persuading to demand compliance 
			§ For residents with dementia 
"listen with respect, comfort, and redirect" (LRCR)

Question 34

decision making

Answer 34

patient self determination act; written info prior to admission about their rights, written policies, documentation, state law, staff and community education about advanced directives

Question 35

decision making: living will

Answer 35

desires regarding medical treatment in circumstances in which they are no longer able to express informed consent

Question 36

eden alternative

Answer 36

habitats for people not facility for frail

Question 37

eden alternative principles

Answer 37

1. Three plagues of loneliness, helplessness, boredom account for bulk of suffering among elders
   2. Create human habitat-contact with plants, animals and children
   3. Loving companionship is antidote to loneliness
   4. Opportunity to give and receive care; antidote to helplessness
   5. Variety and spontaneity; antidote to boredom
   6. Do things we find meaningful
   7. Medical treatment should be servant of human caring, not master
   8. Decision making to elders or family
   9. Growth never separated from life
   Wise leadership

Question 38

green house project

Answer 38

6-10 residents in house that looks like others in neighborhood; help with daily tasks; personal dignitiy

Question 39

pioneer network

Answer 39

older persons are valuable to society; changing culture of aging in america