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Adult Development and Aging > chapter 1-studying adult development and aging > Flashcards

chapter 1-studying adult development and aging Flashcards

1
Q

2 contexts to put facts into

A

biopsychosocial framework and life-span approach

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2
Q

gerontology

A

study of aging from maturity through old age; individual differences

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3
Q

myths about aging lead to

A

ageism

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4
Q

ageism

A

form of discrimination against older adults based on their age; stereotypes about old people

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5
Q

life span perspective

A

divides human development into 2 phases

  1. early phase-childhood and adolescence (characterized by rapid age related increases in size and ability)
  2. later phase-young adulthood, middle and old ages (changes in size are slow but abilities continue to develop as people continue adapting to the environment)
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6
Q

4 key features of the life span perspective according to Baltes

A
  1. multidirectionality: people grow in one area as they decline in another
  2. plasticity: many skills can be trained or improved with practice
  3. historical context: develops within a set of circumstances determined by the historical time in which we are born and culture we grew up in
  4. multiple causation: how people develop results from a wide variety of forces: biological, psychological, sociocultural, life cycle forces
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7
Q

4 critical factors in life span development

A
  1. show age related reduction in the amount and quality of biologically based resources
  2. age related increase in the amount and quality of culture needed to generate continuously higher growth
  3. age related decline in the efficiency with which they use cultural resources
  4. lack of cultural, old age friendly support structures
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8
Q

demographics of aging

A

improved health care means that less women die during childbirth and more people make it to older ages

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9
Q

4 forces that affect development

A
  1. biological
  2. psychological
  3. sociocultural
  4. life cycle
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10
Q

biological forces

A

all genetic and health related factors that affect development

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11
Q

psychological factors

A

all internal perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and personality factors that affect development

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12
Q

sociocultural factors

A

interpersonal, societal, cultural, and ethinice factors that affect development

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13
Q

life cycle forces

A

reflect differences in how the same event or combination of biological, pschological, and sociocultural forces affect people at different points in their lives

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14
Q

biopsychosocial framework

A

organize the biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces on human development

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15
Q

cohort

A

group of people born at the same point or specific time span in historical time; 3 sets

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16
Q

cohort: normative age graded influences

A

experiences cause by biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces that occur to most people of a particular age; time marked events, ritualized

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17
Q

cohort: normative history graded influences

A

events that more people in a specific culture experience at the same time; give generations unique identity

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18
Q

cohort: normative influences

A

random or rare events that are important for a specific individual but are not experienced by most people

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19
Q

culture

A

shared basic value orientations, norms, beliefs, customary habits and ways of living; how people define concepts like person, age, life course

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20
Q

ethnicity

A

individual and collective sense of identity based on historical and cultural group membership and related behaviors and beliefs

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21
Q

primary aging

A

normal, disease free development during adulthood

22
Q

secondary aging

A

developmental changes taht are related to disease ,lifestyle, and other environmentally induced changes that are not inevitable

23
Q

tertiary aging

A

the rapid losses that occur shortly before death (terminal drop)

24
Q

chronological age

A

how old we are since we were born, index time and organize events

25
Q

perceived age

A

how old you feel like you are

26
Q

biological age

A

functioning of vital organs

27
Q

psychological age

A

level of functioning of psychological abilities

28
Q

sociocultural age

A

specific set of roles that are adopted

29
Q

nature vs nurture

A

degree to which genetic/hereditary influence and experiential or environmental influeces determine the kind of person you are; biology vs experience

30
Q

stability change issue

A

concerns the degree to which people remain the same over time; some basic level is important, but characteristics change;

31
Q

continuity discontinuity controversy

A

whether a particular developmental phenomenon smooth progression over time (continuity) or a series of abrupt shifts (discontinuity); continuity-amount of characteristics a person has; discontinuity-types of characteristics; plasticity

32
Q

universal vs context specific development controversy

A

one path or several; cultural differences; context and environment matter

33
Q

systematic observation

A

naturalistic; watching as they behave spontaneously in real life
structured; researcher creates a setting that is likely to elicit the behavior of interest, things that are hard to naturally observe

34
Q

use tasks to sample behavior

A

create tasks to sample behavior when you can’t observe it; know we’re looking for something specific

35
Q

ask for self-reports

A

questions about the topic of interest, written (questionnaire), verbal (interview)

36
Q

reliable

A

measure is the extent to which it provides a consisten index of the behavior of topic of interest; consistent

37
Q

valid

A

measures what the researcher thinks it measures; accuracy

38
Q

representative sampling

A

represent whole population

39
Q

experimental design

A

manipulate key factor and randomly assigning; IV and DV

40
Q

correlation

A

relationship between variables; confounding variable interacting; does not equal causation

41
Q

case study

A

study one or few people

42
Q

age effects

A

differences underlying processes; inherent changes within person and not cause by passage of time

43
Q

cohort effects

A

differences cause by experiences and circumstances unique to the generation to which one belongs; normative history

44
Q

time of measurement effects

A

differences stemming from differences in events at teh time data obtained

45
Q

age change vs age difference

A

same person vs comparison of two people

46
Q

cross sectional design

A

developmental differene identified by testing different ages at the saem time

47
Q

longitudinal

A

same individuals observed/tested at different points; practice effects, participant dropout, applying results limited

48
Q

sequential designs

A

combinations of cross sectional or longitudinal

49
Q

cross sequential design

A

two or more cross sectional studies at two or more times of measurement

50
Q

longitudinal sequential designs

A

two or more longitudinal designs taht represent two or more cohorts

51
Q

meta analysis

A

synthesize the results of many studies to estimate relations between variables; analyze results of all studies available

52
Q

ethical

A

minimize risk, describe the research (informed consent), avoid deception; anonymous and confidential

Adult Development and Aging (7 decks)

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