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Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Chloroplasts make energy for the plant cell

A

False

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2
Q

True or false: Humans are able to digest cellulose found in plant cell walls.

A

False

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3
Q

True or False: White blood cells are involved in immune response to fight off invading viruses and bacteria. This means that these cells should have a large quantity of lysosomes.

A

True

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4
Q

True/False: Cillia and flagella can be used for movement or mobility in cells

A

True

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5
Q

Will animals EVER have cell walls?

A

No

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6
Q

All living things are made up of

A

Cells

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7
Q

You find a cell which contains a nucleus. The most specific name you can give this cell is:________

A

Eukaryotic cell

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8
Q

In a chloroplast the stacks of membranous sacs are called ______

A

Grana

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9
Q

Because cells have a watery environment from both inside and outside, the polar ends of the phospholipids in the plasma membrane form ____ layers

A

Double

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10
Q

A plasma membrane is made up of a(n)_______

A

Lipid bilayer

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11
Q

Folded membranes are an advantage to a cell because

A

Cell processes can be more efficient, the membranes provide a large surface are, and the membranes form interconnected compartments.

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12
Q

Surface area-to-volume ratios indicate

A

As cells get larger, their surface larger but at a slower rate than volume.

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13
Q

Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell

A

Does not have a nucleus

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14
Q

Which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of cells?

A

Plasma membrane

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15
Q

The _________ is surrounded by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis.

A

Nucleus

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16
Q

Is the nucleolus found in the cytoplasm?

A

No

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17
Q

If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would NOT be able to

A

Synthesize proteins.

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18
Q

The ______ will produce vesicles that can fuse with the plasma membrane.

A

Golgi apparatus

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19
Q

The __________ is involved in collecting, sorting and distribution of molecules.

A

Golgi apparatus

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20
Q

The __________ will store water, pigments, and toxins in plant cells.

A

Vacuole

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21
Q

Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria because they both

A

Need ATP for energy

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22
Q

Which organelle will use up oxygen and give off carbon dioxide and water?

A

Mitochondria

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23
Q

Which organelle will give off oxygen and use up carbon dioxide?

A

Chloroplasts

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24
Q

Thylakoids and cristae are respectively structures of

A

Chloroplasts and mitochondria

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25
A plasma membrane is made up of a(n)
Lipid bilayer
26
Ovarian cells that produce estrogen would have a high number of
Smooth ER
27
Muscle cells in the thigh of a long distance runner would have a high number of
Mitochondria
28
White blood cells that engulf bacteria would have a large number of which organelle?
Lysosome
29
You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells
Are plant cells
30
The golgi apparatus
Stores, modifies, and packages proteins.
31
The part of the cell where lipids are synthesized is called the
Smooth ER
32
In a cell, the sites of protein synthesis are the
Ribosomes
33
The movement of materials into and out of the cells is controlled by the
Plasma membrane
34
Ina cell, the breakdown of molecules in order to create energy in the form of ATP occurs in the_____
Mitochondria
35
T/F: When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution water will no longer move into or out of the cell
False
36
T/F: When you place sugar on strawberries that have been cut up for shortcake the sugar creates a hypotonic solution which is why the strawberries get juicy
False
37
T/F: Vegetables are regularly sprayed with a mist of water at the grocery store because the water is hypotonic to the cells of the produce and it keeps the central vacuoles full of water.
True
38
T/F: Plasmolysis is the term that is used to refer to the shriveling of the plant cell membrane
True
39
T/F: Aquaporins allow water to move into and out of a cell at a faster rate than osmosis can allow
True
40
A plasma membrane is made up of a(n)
Phospholipid bilayer
41
Water moves into a cell placed in a _____ solution
Hypotonic
42
Water moves out of a cell if the cell is placed in a ______ solution.
Hypertonic
43
A cell moves particles from a area of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration by
Active transport
44
If a cell is placed in salt water, water leaves the cell by
Osmosis
45
Which type of transport requires ATP?
Active transport
46
T/F: Small uncharged molecules do not pass easily through a cell membrane.
False
47
Permeability refers to
The extent to which a membrane allows a substance to pass through.
48
An SMA student sitting on the back row opened a bottle of foul-smelling perfume and dabbed it on her wrists. One-by-one (beginning in the back of the room) the students began to cough due to the foul smell. This phenomena was due to
Diffusion
49
When water enters a plant cell
The vacuole becomes enlarged, and the organelles are forced against a cell wall.
50
An isotonic solution means that the solute concentration outside the cell
Is the same as inside the cell
51
When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell wall prevents
The cell from bursting
52
Most of the functions of a cell membrane, including transport and enzymatic function, are performed by
Proteins
53
Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that
The plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.
54
Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane by
Passive transport
55
Diffusion does not require the cell to expend ATP. Therefore, diffusion is considered a type of
Passive transport
56
You are adrift in the Atlantic Ocean and, being thirsty, drink the surrounding seawater. As a result,
You dehydrate yourself.
57
A red blood cell bursts in a solution of tap water
Osmosis
58
Drop of food coloring spreads out in a glass of water
Diffusion
59
Smelly perfume molecules spread throughout a room
Diffusion
60
Oxygen moves into a red blood cell from the alveoli in your lungs
Diffusion
61
Saline eye drops are placed in a patients eye
Osmosis
62
IV fluids are given to a person who is dehydrated
Osmosis
63
How is the Microscope image flipped?
Upside-down
64
What are the domains of prokaryotes?
Bacteria, Archaea
65
Do Prokaryotes have a nucleus?
No
66
What domain is Fungi in?
Eukarya
67
What are adaptations?
Features that make an organism suited to its way of life.
68
Do plants eat sunlight?
No they, instead use it to make food
69
What are the magnifications of class microscopes?
40x, 100x, 400x
70
Example of order
Sunflower seeds
71
Example of Reproduction
Human reproduction system
72
Example of Growth and development
Puppies grow
73
Example of energy processing
Athletes with Gatorade=electrolytes
74
Example of regulation
Shedding of snake skin with growth
75
Example of response to environment
Sea anemone
76
Which system is the thyroid a part of?
Endocrine system
77
What is the purpose of the esophagus?
A passageway for food
78
What is the main function of the pancreas?
To produce insulin
79
Which system is the thymus linked to?
Immune system
80
What does the pulmonary artery do?
Takes blood to the lungs
81
What are the two types of chambers in the heart?
Atria and ventricles
82
What prevents food from entering the trachea?
Epiglottis
83
Where are the vocal chords found?
The larynx
84
What are most responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics in males and females?
Testosterone and estrogen
85
What does the ureter connect to?
Bladder and kidney
86
Kidney
Urinary System
87
Thyroid
Endocrine System
88
Heart
Cardiovascular system
89
Lungs
Respiratory system
90
Pancreas
Endocrine system
91
Bladder
Urinary System
92
Esophagus
Digestive system
93
Adrenal gland
Endocrine system
94
Thymus
Immune system
95
Blood
Cardiovascular system
96
Alveoli
Respiratory system
97
Small intestine
Digestive
98
Superior
Towards the head/above
99
Anterior
Front or in front of
100
Inferior
Towards the feet or below
101
Posterior
Back, or at the back of
102
Lateral
Side of the body, away from midline
103
Medial
Toward the midline of the body
104
Proximal
Closer to the top of the limb
105
Distal
Closer to the bottom or end of the limb
106
Will a hydrophilic substance hydrogen bond readily with water?
Yes
107
What is a buffer?
An aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or vice versa.
108
Compared to other fluids, will water absorb more heat energy before its temperature rises?
Yes
109
Why does ice float on water?
Because ice is less dense than water
110
How much more acidic is a pH of 3 than a pH of 5?
100 times
111
What is the makeup of pure neutral water?
Equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
112
What does it mean if the pH of the cytoplasm is approximately 7.2?
The cytoplasm is slightly basic
113
Is water polar or non-polar?
Polar
114
What is more electronegative, oxygen or hydrogen?
Oxygen
115
What is the bond between h and 2o?
Polar covalent
116
How are water molecules bonded to one another?
Hydrogen bonds
117
What happens when H concentration increases?
pH decreases.
118
In ocean acidification, dissolving CO2 gas ______ the pH of the ocean.
Lowers
119
In the H2O molecule, what has a negative charge and what has positive?
H: Positive O: Negative
120
How do proteins function?
To store information in the cells
121
At room temperature fats are _____ and oils are _____
Liquids, solids
122
What are carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids?
Polymers
123
Are polymers broken down by hydrogenation?
NO
124
How many electrons can be shared by a carbon atom?
Four
125
How do molecules join together?
Dehydration
126
What are most of the enzymes in our bodies?
Proteins
127
What are Isomers?
Same technical molecules that differ in the arrangement of atoms
128
What does an unsaturated lipid contain?
Double bonds
129
How are amino acids linked?
By peptide bonds
130
What are proteins the polymers of?
Amino acids
131
What is an amino group?
NH2
132
How can dehydration synthesis be reversed?
Hydrolysis

Biology (7 decks)

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