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Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the role of Lipids?

A

Long term energy storage and insulation

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2
Q

What is the role of Carbohydrates?

A

Short term energy storage and structural component in plant cells.

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3
Q

What is the role of Nucleic Acid?

A

Blueprint for proteins and all cell structures and activities

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4
Q

What is an isomer?

A

Two different compounds with the same number and type of atoms.

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5
Q

What is an example of isomer?

A

Glucose and Fructose

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6
Q

What does Isomerism increase?

A

Number of organic compounds. The more carbon atoms in a compound, the more ways of arranging atoms which means a larger number of isomers.

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7
Q

What is Dehydration?

A

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond when a water molecule is removed.

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8
Q

A chemical reaction that breaks the bond between two molecules with the addition of a water molecule.

A

Hydrolysis

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9
Q

What is the process by which polymers are broken down and an essential part of digestion.

A

Hydrolysis

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10
Q

Monosaccharides

A

The simplest carbohydrate; a simple sugar with a molecular formula that is generally some multiple of CH20. They are the monomers of disaccharides and polysaccharides.

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11
Q

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

A

Fructose and Glucose

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12
Q

What bonds together to form starch polysaccharides?

A

Monosaccharides

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13
Q

Polysaccharide

A

A carbohydrate, a polymer of many monosaccharides linked by dehydration reactions.

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14
Q

What are two examples of polysaccharides?

A

Starch, glycogen

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15
Q

What are the three different kinds of Lipids?

A
  1. Fats
  2. Phospholipids
  3. Steroids
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16
Q

Fats

A

Energy storage molecules, made up of glycerol and fatty acids. A glycerol box on top and three fatty acids attached to the bottom.

17
Q

Phospholipids

A

Form bilayers that function as biological membranes. Made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

18
Q

Steroids

A

Type of lipid whose carbon skeleton is in the form of 4 fused rings. Cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen.

19
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

Saturated have single straight bonds, and Unsaturated has double bent bonds.

20
Q

Why are phospholipids important?

A

Important cause they expose hydrophilic glycerol and shields hydrophobic fatty acids.

21
Q

Steroids

A

Have a carbon skeleton that contains 4 fused rings.

22
Q

Functions of Proteins

A
  • Transportive
  • Defensive
  • Signal
  • Receptor
  • Contractile
  • Structural
  • Storage
23
Q

Amino Acids

A

An organic molecule containing a carboxyl group and an amino group, serves as the monomer for proteins.

24
Q

What is the structure of an Amino acid?

A 
H           H           O
     \         |         //
      N  - C   -  C
     /         |        \\
  H          R        OH
25
Q

What bond do Amino acids have to carbon atoms?

A

Covalent

26
Q

What are the 4 molecules that make up DNA?

A
  1. Adenine
  2. Cytosine
  3. Guanine
  4. Thymine
27
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

A
  1. 5 Carbon sugar
  2. Negatively charged phosphate group
  3. A nitrogenous base
28
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate, the main energy source for cells ATP releases energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed.

29
Q

What is the structure of carbohydrates?

A

Hexagonal connected lines.

30
Q

What is the structure of Lipids?

A

c-o-/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/
c-o-/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/
c-o-/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/

31
Q

What is the structure of proteins?

A

Like a ball of strings

32
Q

What is the structure of Nucleic Acid?

A

Looks like a DNA strand.

33
Q

What are the four types of biomolecules?

A
  1. Lipids
  2. Proteins
  3. Carbohydrates
  4. Nucleic Acid
34
Q

Most common types of polysaccharides?

A

Glycogen, Cellulose and Starch

35
Q

Why are amino acids SO IMPORTANT?

A

They are monomers for proteins

Biology (7 decks)

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