Chapter 3

Question 1

What is the role of Lipids?

Answer 1

Long term energy storage and insulation

Question 2

What is the role of Carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Short term energy storage and structural component in plant cells.

Question 3

What is the role of Nucleic Acid?

Answer 3

Blueprint for proteins and all cell structures and activities

Question 4

What is an isomer?

Answer 4

Two different compounds with the same number and type of atoms.

Question 5

What is an example of isomer?

Answer 5

Glucose and Fructose

Question 6

What does Isomerism increase?

Answer 6

Number of organic compounds. The more carbon atoms in a compound, the more ways of arranging atoms which means a larger number of isomers.

Question 7

What is Dehydration?

Answer 7

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond when a water molecule is removed.

Question 8

A chemical reaction that breaks the bond between two molecules with the addition of a water molecule.

Answer 8

Hydrolysis

Question 9

What is the process by which polymers are broken down and an essential part of digestion.

Answer 9

Hydrolysis

Question 10

Monosaccharides

Answer 10

The simplest carbohydrate; a simple sugar with a molecular formula that is generally some multiple of CH20. They are the monomers of disaccharides and polysaccharides.

Question 11

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

Answer 11

Fructose and Glucose

Question 12

What bonds together to form starch polysaccharides?

Answer 12

Monosaccharides

Question 13

Polysaccharide

Answer 13

A carbohydrate, a polymer of many monosaccharides linked by dehydration reactions.

Question 14

What are two examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 14

Starch, glycogen

Question 15

What are the three different kinds of Lipids?

Answer 15

1. Fats
2. Phospholipids
3. Steroids

Question 16

Fats

Answer 16

Energy storage molecules, made up of glycerol and fatty acids. A glycerol box on top and three fatty acids attached to the bottom.

Question 17

Phospholipids

Answer 17

Form bilayers that function as biological membranes. Made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

Question 18

Steroids

Answer 18

Type of lipid whose carbon skeleton is in the form of 4 fused rings. Cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen.

Question 19

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 19

Saturated have single straight bonds, and Unsaturated has double bent bonds.

Question 20

Why are phospholipids important?

Answer 20

Important cause they expose hydrophilic glycerol and shields hydrophobic fatty acids.

Question 21

Steroids

Answer 21

Have a carbon skeleton that contains 4 fused rings.

Question 22

Functions of Proteins

Answer 22

• Transportive
• Defensive
• Signal
• Receptor
• Contractile
• Structural
• Storage

Question 23

Amino Acids

Answer 23

An organic molecule containing a carboxyl group and an amino group, serves as the monomer for proteins.

Question 24

What is the structure of an Amino acid?

Answer 24

H           H           O
     \         |         //
      N  - C   -  C
     /         |        \\
  H          R        OH

Question 25

What bond do Amino acids have to carbon atoms?

Answer 25

Covalent

Question 26

What are the 4 molecules that make up DNA?

Answer 26

1. Adenine 2. Cytosine 3. Guanine 4. Thymine

Question 27

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 27

1. 5 Carbon sugar 2. Negatively charged phosphate group 3. A nitrogenous base

Question 28

What is ATP?

Answer 28

Adenosine Triphosphate, the main energy source for cells ATP releases energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed.

Question 29

What is the structure of carbohydrates?

Answer 29

Hexagonal connected lines.

Question 30

What is the structure of Lipids?

Answer 30

c-o-/\/\/\/\/\/\\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\\/\/\/\/\/\\/\/\/\/\\/\/\/ c-o-/\/\/\/\/\/\\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\\/\/\/\/\/\\/\/\/\/\\/\/\/ c-o-/\/\/\/\/\/\\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\\/\/\/\/\/\\/\/\/\/\\/\/\/

Question 31

What is the structure of proteins?

Answer 31

Like a ball of strings

Question 32

What is the structure of Nucleic Acid?

Answer 32

Looks like a DNA strand.

Question 33

What are the four types of biomolecules?

Answer 33

1. Lipids 2. Proteins 3. Carbohydrates 4. Nucleic Acid

Question 34

Most common types of polysaccharides?

Answer 34

Glycogen, Cellulose and Starch

Question 35

Why are amino acids SO IMPORTANT?

Answer 35

They are monomers for proteins