final review Flashcards
the atlas is ? to the coccyx
superior
the breakdown of glucose to ATP by a cell is an example of ?
catabolism
70 percent of all sensory receptors are located in the
eyes
molecule that contains our genetic info and remains in the nucleus of the cell during normal cellular activity is
DNA
the maintenance of a constant and optimal internal environment in an organism to sustain life is called (steady stable state)
homeostasis
pH>7 is called
basic/ alkaline
structure in sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is found is the
sella turcica
the inferior lateral bones of the cranial skull are the ? bones
temporal
medial lower arm bone-?
lateral lower leg bone-?
ulna, fibula
a cut the divides a structure into left and right halves is a ? plane
sagittal
polysaccharide formed by monomers of glucose are ?, ?, ?
starch, glycogen, cellulose
the epidural space contains ? tissue and ? ?
adipose, blood vessels
if you’re getting a limb amputated what type of plane will a surgeon perform
transverse
layer of skin that contains melanocytes
epidermis
layer of skin that contains stratified squamous ET
epidermis
layer of skin that helps maintain body temp
hypodermis
layer of skin that contains collagen and elastic fibers
dermis
membrane located on surface of lung
visceral pleura
sequence for muscle contraction
motor neuron, AP, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell AP, release of calcium ions from the SR, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments
system that eliminates waste, maintains BP, electrocytes, and acid-base balance is the ?
urinary
T/F: interneurons are found only in the PNS
false
which cells break bone down
osteoclasts
an atom that has gained 1+ electrons and now has a negative charge is an
anion
T/F: enzymes are changed by the reaction
false
an example of positive feedback mechanisms would be enhancement of ? ?
labor contractions
movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to lower w/o energy is
diffusion
when lifting your foot toward your shin, this is an example of
dorsiflexion
a burn that penetrates the epidermis/dermis is a
2nd-degree burn
acc to the sliding filament model of a muscle contraction, what happens to the actin and myosin filaments?
the overlap/move over each other
decrease in muscle size due to lack of use is
muscle atrophy
if u tap your heel on the floor, which bone is affected
calcaneal
in a solution the ? is broken apart by the ?
solute, solvent
the most abundant compound in the body is
water
the gallbladder is in the ? ? quadrant
right upper
tissue that contains triglycerides is
adipose
what muscle cells have striations
cardiac and skeletal
the parietal peritoneum is an example of a ? membrane
serous
if the epidermis contains 5 stratums then it comes from the ? and ?
hands, feet
carbs are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of
glycogen
a muscle that works w another to produce the same movement is a
synergist
bundles of muscle fibers are
fascicles
number of ATP produced in cellular respiration
32 ATP
when hydrostatic pressure forces water and dissolved solutes across selectively permeable membranes, this is called
osmosis
T/F: a 5% dextrose solution will cause a red blood cell to swell so it would be a hypertonic solution.
false
T/F: the rectus femoris is a muscle of the hamstring.
false
T/F: a water cell in a molasses solution is an example of osmosis.
true
the tissue lining the lumen of the trachea is
ciliated pseudostratified columnar ET
Vitamin ? is fat-soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and vital for normal bone growth and function.
D
decreasing the angle of a joint is
flexion
moving a limb away from the midline is
abduction
regulation of body temp, food intake, and thirst are functions of the
hypothalamus
T/F: the mandibulary sinus is a paranasal sinus.
false
5 basic comp. of a reflex arc in order
receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector
? neurons carry instructions from the receptors to the CNS
sensory
the myelin sheaths that surround axons of some neurons in the PNS are formed by
Schwann cell/ neurilemmocytes
the major cells located in the lacunae of costal cartilage are
chondrocytes
T/F: a neurotransmitter is a chemical released by a neuron that may, upon binding to specific receptors of other cells, stimulate or inhibit the other cells.
true
levels of organization from simple to complex:
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
when u smile ur using your ? ? muscle
zygomaticus major
the passageway that drains the aqueous humor into the circulatory system is the ?
scleral venous sinus
nucleic acid w uricil
RNA
genetic and double stranded nucleic acid
DNA
stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up along the midline/equator
metaphase
the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers are located in the
medulla oblongata
T/F: increased sympathetic stimulation decreases the heart rate.
false
Transcription is
When mRNA copies a portion of a strand of the DNA molecule
most of the ATP required to power cellular respiration is produced in the
mitohondria
there are ? pairs of cranial nerves
12
the elbow joint is a ? joint
diarthrotic
T/F: the secondary center of endochondral ossification occurs in the diaphysis of the long bone.
false
which muscles are fan-shaped?
convergent
T/F: rods are the photoreceptors in ur retina that are sensitive to bright light and help you to see sharp edges and color.
false
T/F: in a 2nd degree burn the hypodermis is damaged.
false
say the correct opposite strand for this strand: TGCCATACCGTA
ACGGTATGGCAT
what gland has a duct (which one) that empties into the hair follicle?
sebaceous and apocrine
T/F: CSF is located in the central canal, pia mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, and ventricles of the brain.
true
the membrane channel that surrounds myofibril like a sleeve and stores calcium is the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
the densest concentration of cones and the sharpest vision is located in the
fovea centralis
the structural organization of a muscle from small 2 large is:
actin and myosin, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, muscle
? is the structural and functional unit of spongy bone
trabeculae
the pancreas is in the ? cavity
abdominal
name the meninges from inside out
pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
if tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it would attach to an ??? mRNA codon
UCG
T/F: in a dehydration synthesis you add water.
false
T/F: producing blood cells is a part of the function of the muscular system
false
the layer of the epidermis that is dead and keratinized is the stratum
corneum
give the correct strand of nucleotides that will form a new strand TACGTCACTGTA
AUGCAGUGACAU
T/F: mucous membranes line cavities that open to the outside.
true
a codon codes for one
amino acid
T/F: in RMP there are more K+ ions outside than inside.
false
functions of the skeletal system are storage of minerals, protection, ? ? formation, and storage of fats.
blood cell
structures that bind bone to bone
ligaments
most abundant protein in the body
collagen
most ATP is made in the ? ? ? during cellular respiration
ETC
fastest system in body
nervous
T/F: the acetabulum and calcaneus are apart of the appendicular skeleton.
true
the branch of biological science that studies the function of organs and their systems is called
physiology
when picking something up you encounter an isometric contraction. this causes the ? ? muscle to develop tension and ? movement occurs
biceps brachii, no
intercalated discs are characteristics of ? muscle
cardiac
is blinking a reflex?
yes
if an atom has 15 protons, how many electrons are on the valence shell
5
melanocytes in the hair follicle cause ? ?
hair color
synapse between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber is described as a
neuromuscular junction
the temporal bones are ? to the foramen magnum
lateral
loss of stimulation in a muscle after prolonged use is
muscle fatigue
when sodium channels open and sodium ions rush into the neuron the neuron become
depolarized
at rest the active sites on actin are blocked by
tropomyosin molecules
the building blocks of phospholipids are
glycerol, 2 fatty acids, a phosphate
the thumb is called the
pollex
? is the movement of a liquid into a cell by engulfment
pinocytosis
when the arrector pili muscle contracts it is due to hot, cold, and it causes
goosebumps and hair stands up
T/F: the carpometacarpal joint of the thumbs are a type of saddle joint.
true
functions of the integument system are protection, excretion of salts, synthesis of vitamin ?, and maintenance of body ?
d, temp
T/F: the function of epithelial tissue is to store fat.
false
T/F: the point of attachment for the dura mater of the brain to the sphenoid bone is the crista galli.
false
if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution what will happen
water will enter cell and cause it to swell
T/F: the uterus is only found in women.
ture
T/F: with a bipennate m, the fascicles insert the tendon on 1 side.
false
the uterus is ? to the urinary bladder
superior
cranial and spinal nerves are in which NS
PNS
T/F: glucose is an organic compund
true
T/F: smooth and cardiac m, and glands are the effectors for the SNS
false
T/F: the func. of CT is to store minerals, store ?, bind and connect, and ? substances within the body
energy, transport
pointing ur toe is an example of
plantar flexion
during a muscle fiber contraction the ? and ? stay the same length and the ? shortens
actin, myosin, sarcomere
the medullary cavity in an adult contains ? bone marrow
yellow
simple sq. ET is found in the alveoli of lungs, ? vessels, and ?
lymphatic, capillaries
the most superficial part of the body is the
skin
the ACL prevents ? of the knees
hyperextension
oily secretions are discharged by ? glands
sebaceous
T/F: cells in the PNS that play a role in the regulation of the blood brain barrier are astrocytes.
false
the blind spot is the
optic disc
tissue for the conduction of electrical impulses is ? tissue
nervous
the paranasal sinuses drain into the ? cavity
nasal
name the 2 involuntary muscles
smooth and cardiac
muscle to bone is
tendon
the primary visual cortex is located at the ? lobe
occipital
the stratum ? is closest to the nutrient supply
basale
when there is no oxygen present in the muscle cell, pyruvic acid is converted into
lactic acid
is a neuron apart of the NS?
no
T/F: a buffer is a compound that stabilizes the pH of a solution by removing or replacing hydrogen ions.
true
structure in ear that equalizes pressure is the
pharyngotympanic tube
chewing is an example of ? and ?
elevation and depression
? nerve regulates activities of heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera
vagus
strongest chemical bonds are the
covalent bonds
cytokinesis begins during
anaphase
T/F: humans need CO2 for survival
false
the cranial sulcus separates the primary ? cortex from the primary ? cortex
motor, somatosensory
bone marking name that indicates an armlike bar of a bone
ramus
T/F: bitter taste comes from acids
false
