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A&P Test 4 > final review > Flashcards

final review Flashcards

1
Q

the atlas is ? to the coccyx

A

superior

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2
Q

the breakdown of glucose to ATP by a cell is an example of ?

A

catabolism

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3
Q

70 percent of all sensory receptors are located in the

A

eyes

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4
Q

molecule that contains our genetic info and remains in the nucleus of the cell during normal cellular activity is

A

DNA

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5
Q

the maintenance of a constant and optimal internal environment in an organism to sustain life is called (steady stable state)

A

homeostasis

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6
Q

pH>7 is called

A

basic/ alkaline

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7
Q

structure in sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is found is the

A

sella turcica

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8
Q

the inferior lateral bones of the cranial skull are the ? bones

A

temporal

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9
Q

medial lower arm bone-?
lateral lower leg bone-?

A

ulna, fibula

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10
Q

a cut the divides a structure into left and right halves is a ? plane

A

sagittal

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11
Q

polysaccharide formed by monomers of glucose are ?, ?, ?

A

starch, glycogen, cellulose

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12
Q

the epidural space contains ? tissue and ? ?

A

adipose, blood vessels

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13
Q

if you’re getting a limb amputated what type of plane will a surgeon perform

A

transverse

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14
Q

layer of skin that contains melanocytes

A

epidermis

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15
Q

layer of skin that contains stratified squamous ET

A

epidermis

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16
Q

layer of skin that helps maintain body temp

A

hypodermis

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17
Q

layer of skin that contains collagen and elastic fibers

A

dermis

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18
Q

membrane located on surface of lung

A

visceral pleura

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19
Q

sequence for muscle contraction

A

motor neuron, AP, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell AP, release of calcium ions from the SR, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments

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20
Q

system that eliminates waste, maintains BP, electrocytes, and acid-base balance is the ?

A

urinary

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21
Q

T/F: interneurons are found only in the PNS

A

false

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22
Q

which cells break bone down

A

osteoclasts

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23
Q

an atom that has gained 1+ electrons and now has a negative charge is an

A

anion

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24
Q

T/F: enzymes are changed by the reaction

A

false

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25
Q

an example of positive feedback mechanisms would be enhancement of ? ?

A

labor contractions

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26
Q

movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to lower w/o energy is

A

diffusion

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27
Q

when lifting your foot toward your shin, this is an example of

A

dorsiflexion

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28
Q

a burn that penetrates the epidermis/dermis is a

A

2nd-degree burn

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29
Q

acc to the sliding filament model of a muscle contraction, what happens to the actin and myosin filaments?

A

the overlap/move over each other

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30
Q

decrease in muscle size due to lack of use is

A

muscle atrophy

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31
Q

if u tap your heel on the floor, which bone is affected

A

calcaneal

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32
Q

in a solution the ? is broken apart by the ?

A

solute, solvent

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33
Q

the most abundant compound in the body is

A

water

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34
Q

the gallbladder is in the ? ? quadrant

A

right upper

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35
Q

tissue that contains triglycerides is

A

adipose

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36
Q

what muscle cells have striations

A

cardiac and skeletal

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37
Q

the parietal peritoneum is an example of a ? membrane

A

serous

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38
Q

if the epidermis contains 5 stratums then it comes from the ? and ?

A

hands, feet

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39
Q

carbs are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of

A

glycogen

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40
Q

a muscle that works w another to produce the same movement is a

A

synergist

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41
Q

bundles of muscle fibers are

A

fascicles

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42
Q

number of ATP produced in cellular respiration

A

32 ATP

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43
Q

when hydrostatic pressure forces water and dissolved solutes across selectively permeable membranes, this is called

A

osmosis

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44
Q

T/F: a 5% dextrose solution will cause a red blood cell to swell so it would be a hypertonic solution.

A

false

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45
Q

T/F: the rectus femoris is a muscle of the hamstring.

A

false

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46
Q

T/F: a water cell in a molasses solution is an example of osmosis.

A

true

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47
Q

the tissue lining the lumen of the trachea is

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar ET

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48
Q

Vitamin ? is fat-soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and vital for normal bone growth and function.

A

D

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49
Q

decreasing the angle of a joint is

A

flexion

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50
Q

moving a limb away from the midline is

A

abduction

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51
Q

regulation of body temp, food intake, and thirst are functions of the

A

hypothalamus

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52
Q

T/F: the mandibulary sinus is a paranasal sinus.

A

false

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53
Q

5 basic comp. of a reflex arc in order

A

receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

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54
Q

? neurons carry instructions from the receptors to the CNS

A

sensory

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55
Q

the myelin sheaths that surround axons of some neurons in the PNS are formed by

A

Schwann cell/ neurilemmocytes

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56
Q

the major cells located in the lacunae of costal cartilage are

A

chondrocytes

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57
Q

T/F: a neurotransmitter is a chemical released by a neuron that may, upon binding to specific receptors of other cells, stimulate or inhibit the other cells.

A

true

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58
Q

levels of organization from simple to complex:

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

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59
Q

when u smile ur using your ? ? muscle

A

zygomaticus major

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60
Q

the passageway that drains the aqueous humor into the circulatory system is the ?

A

scleral venous sinus

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61
Q

nucleic acid w uricil

A

RNA

62
Q

genetic and double stranded nucleic acid

A

DNA

63
Q

stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up along the midline/equator

A

metaphase

64
Q

the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers are located in the

A

medulla oblongata

65
Q

T/F: increased sympathetic stimulation decreases the heart rate.

A

false

66
Q

Transcription is

A

When mRNA copies a portion of a strand of the DNA molecule

67
Q

most of the ATP required to power cellular respiration is produced in the

A

mitohondria

68
Q

there are ? pairs of cranial nerves

A

12

69
Q

the elbow joint is a ? joint

A

diarthrotic

70
Q

T/F: the secondary center of endochondral ossification occurs in the diaphysis of the long bone.

A

false

71
Q

which muscles are fan-shaped?

A

convergent

72
Q

T/F: rods are the photoreceptors in ur retina that are sensitive to bright light and help you to see sharp edges and color.

A

false

73
Q

T/F: in a 2nd degree burn the hypodermis is damaged.

A

false

74
Q

say the correct opposite strand for this strand: TGCCATACCGTA

A

ACGGTATGGCAT

75
Q

what gland has a duct (which one) that empties into the hair follicle?

A

sebaceous and apocrine

76
Q

T/F: CSF is located in the central canal, pia mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, and ventricles of the brain.

A

true

77
Q

the membrane channel that surrounds myofibril like a sleeve and stores calcium is the

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

78
Q

the densest concentration of cones and the sharpest vision is located in the

A

fovea centralis

79
Q

the structural organization of a muscle from small 2 large is:

A

actin and myosin, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, muscle

80
Q

? is the structural and functional unit of spongy bone

A

trabeculae

81
Q

the pancreas is in the ? cavity

A

abdominal

82
Q

name the meninges from inside out

A

pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

83
Q

if tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it would attach to an ??? mRNA codon

A

UCG

84
Q

T/F: in a dehydration synthesis you add water.

A

false

85
Q

T/F: producing blood cells is a part of the function of the muscular system

A

false

86
Q

the layer of the epidermis that is dead and keratinized is the stratum

A

corneum

87
Q

give the correct strand of nucleotides that will form a new strand TACGTCACTGTA

A

AUGCAGUGACAU

88
Q

T/F: mucous membranes line cavities that open to the outside.

A

true

89
Q

a codon codes for one

A

amino acid

90
Q

T/F: in RMP there are more K+ ions outside than inside.

A

false

91
Q

functions of the skeletal system are storage of minerals, protection, ? ? formation, and storage of fats.

A

blood cell

92
Q

structures that bind bone to bone

A

ligaments

93
Q

most abundant protein in the body

A

collagen

94
Q

most ATP is made in the ? ? ? during cellular respiration

A

ETC

95
Q

fastest system in body

A

nervous

96
Q

T/F: the acetabulum and calcaneus are apart of the appendicular skeleton.

A

true

97
Q

the branch of biological science that studies the function of organs and their systems is called

A

physiology

98
Q

when picking something up you encounter an isometric contraction. this causes the ? ? muscle to develop tension and ? movement occurs

A

biceps brachii, no

99
Q

intercalated discs are characteristics of ? muscle

A

cardiac

100
Q

is blinking a reflex?

A

yes

101
Q

if an atom has 15 protons, how many electrons are on the valence shell

A

5

102
Q

melanocytes in the hair follicle cause ? ?

A

hair color

103
Q

synapse between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber is described as a

A

neuromuscular junction

104
Q

the temporal bones are ? to the foramen magnum

A

lateral

105
Q

loss of stimulation in a muscle after prolonged use is

A

muscle fatigue

106
Q

when sodium channels open and sodium ions rush into the neuron the neuron become

A

depolarized

107
Q

at rest the active sites on actin are blocked by

A

tropomyosin molecules

108
Q

the building blocks of phospholipids are

A

glycerol, 2 fatty acids, a phosphate

109
Q

the thumb is called the

A

pollex

110
Q

? is the movement of a liquid into a cell by engulfment

A

pinocytosis

111
Q

when the arrector pili muscle contracts it is due to hot, cold, and it causes

A

goosebumps and hair stands up

112
Q

T/F: the carpometacarpal joint of the thumbs are a type of saddle joint.

A

true

113
Q

functions of the integument system are protection, excretion of salts, synthesis of vitamin ?, and maintenance of body ?

A

d, temp

114
Q

T/F: the function of epithelial tissue is to store fat.

A

false

115
Q

T/F: the point of attachment for the dura mater of the brain to the sphenoid bone is the crista galli.

A

false

116
Q

if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution what will happen

A

water will enter cell and cause it to swell

117
Q

T/F: the uterus is only found in women.

A

ture

118
Q

T/F: with a bipennate m, the fascicles insert the tendon on 1 side.

A

false

119
Q

the uterus is ? to the urinary bladder

A

superior

120
Q

cranial and spinal nerves are in which NS

A

PNS

121
Q

T/F: glucose is an organic compund

A

true

122
Q

T/F: smooth and cardiac m, and glands are the effectors for the SNS

A

false

123
Q

T/F: the func. of CT is to store minerals, store ?, bind and connect, and ? substances within the body

A

energy, transport

124
Q

pointing ur toe is an example of

A

plantar flexion

125
Q

during a muscle fiber contraction the ? and ? stay the same length and the ? shortens

A

actin, myosin, sarcomere

126
Q

the medullary cavity in an adult contains ? bone marrow

A

yellow

127
Q

simple sq. ET is found in the alveoli of lungs, ? vessels, and ?

A

lymphatic, capillaries

128
Q

the most superficial part of the body is the

A

skin

129
Q

the ACL prevents ? of the knees

A

hyperextension

130
Q

oily secretions are discharged by ? glands

A

sebaceous

131
Q

T/F: cells in the PNS that play a role in the regulation of the blood brain barrier are astrocytes.

A

false

132
Q

the blind spot is the

A

optic disc

133
Q

tissue for the conduction of electrical impulses is ? tissue

A

nervous

134
Q

the paranasal sinuses drain into the ? cavity

A

nasal

135
Q

name the 2 involuntary muscles

A

smooth and cardiac

136
Q

muscle to bone is

A

tendon

137
Q

the primary visual cortex is located at the ? lobe

A

occipital

138
Q

the stratum ? is closest to the nutrient supply

A

basale

139
Q

when there is no oxygen present in the muscle cell, pyruvic acid is converted into

A

lactic acid

140
Q

is a neuron apart of the NS?

A

no

141
Q

T/F: a buffer is a compound that stabilizes the pH of a solution by removing or replacing hydrogen ions.

A

true

142
Q

structure in ear that equalizes pressure is the

A

pharyngotympanic tube

143
Q

chewing is an example of ? and ?

A

elevation and depression

144
Q

? nerve regulates activities of heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera

A

vagus

145
Q

strongest chemical bonds are the

A

covalent bonds

146
Q

cytokinesis begins during

A

anaphase

147
Q

T/F: humans need CO2 for survival

A

false

148
Q

the cranial sulcus separates the primary ? cortex from the primary ? cortex

A

motor, somatosensory

149
Q

bone marking name that indicates an armlike bar of a bone

A

ramus

150
Q

T/F: bitter taste comes from acids

A

false

A&P Test 4 (7 decks)

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