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A&P Test 4 > ch. 12 terms > Flashcards

ch. 12 terms Flashcards

1
Q

? matter contains nonmyelinated neurons and cell bodies

A

gray

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2
Q

? matter is composed of mostly of myelinated axons

A

white

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3
Q

fluid filled chambers in the brain are called (v)

A

ventricles

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4
Q

? ventricle lies in ? (d) and is connected to the Fourth ventricle cerebral aqueduct
*? ventricle is continuous with central canal of the spinal cord

A

3rd, diencephalon, 4th

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5
Q

? hemispheres form the superior part of the brain and account for 83% of brain mass

A

cerebral

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6
Q

Surface markings on the Cerebral Hemispheres include: (G.S.F)
?: ridges
?: shallow grooves
?: deep grooves

A

gyri, sulci, fissures

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7
Q

fissure that separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres (L)

A

longitudinal fissure

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8
Q

fissure that separates cerebrum from cerebellum

A

transverse cerebral fissure

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9
Q

name the 5 lobes:

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insular

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10
Q

? cortex makes up ?% of mass of brain

A

cerebral, 40

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11
Q

Four general considerations of cerebral cortex
1. # functional areas
2. Each hemisphere is ?
3. Lateralization = ?
4. Conscious ?

A

3, contralateral, specialization, behavior

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12
Q

3 types of functional areas
1. ? areas: control voluntary movement
2. ? areas: conscious awareness of sensation
3. Association areas: integrate diverse ?

A

motor, sensory, info

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13
Q

Each hemisphere is concerned with ? (opposite) side of body

A

contralateral

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14
Q

? (specialization) of the cortical function can occur in only # hemisphere

A

lateralization, 1

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15
Q

Conscious behavior involves entire ? in one way or another

A

cortex

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16
Q

motor areas act to control voluntary movement
1. Primary motor cortex- control ? muscle movements (damage can cause ?)
2. Premotor cortex- plans and coordinates skilled ? activities (control over ? is lost)
3. Broca’s area- controls ? production in 1 hemisphere (if damaged: ?)
4. Frontal eye field- controls ? eye movement (eye ?)

A

skeletal, paralysis, motor, movement, speech, aphasia, voluntary, paralysis

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17
Q

8 sensory areas: (P.S.V.A.V.O.G.V)
1. ? somatosensory cortex
2. ? association cortex
3. Primary ? Cortex
4. ? areas
5. ? cortex
6. ? cortex
7. ? cortex
8. ? sensory area

A
  1. Primary somatosensory cortex
  2. Somatosensory association cortex
  3. Primary Visual Cortex
  4. Auditory areas
  5. Vestibular cortex
  6. Olfactory cortex
  7. Gustatory cortex
  8. Visceral sensory area
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18
Q

sensory that receives sensory input from body

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

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19
Q

sensory that integrates sensory info for object recognition

A

Somatosensory association cortex

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20
Q

sensory that receives visual info from retinas

A

primary visual cortex

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21
Q

sensory that processes sound info and memory

A

auditory areas

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22
Q

sensory that is responsible for balance awareness (v)

A

vestibular cortex

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23
Q

sensory that is involved in conscious awareness of odors (o)

A

olfactory cortex

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24
Q

sensory that is located in insula and is responsible for perceiving taste (g)

A

gustatory cortex

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25
Q

sensory that is responsible for perceiving internal body sensations (v)

A

visceral sensory areas

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26
Q

? association areas receive inputs and send outputs and are located where sensation, ?, and emotions become conscious

A

multimodal, thoughts

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27
Q

Multimodal association areas are broadly divided into three parts
1. ? association area
2. ? association area
3. ? association area

A

anterior, posterior, limbic

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28
Q

Anterior association area (Prefrontal cortex) contains
1. Working memory needed for abstract ideas
2. ?
3. ?
4. Persistence
5. Planning

A

judgement, reasoning

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29
Q

Posterior association area plays a role in recognizing ? and faces,
localizing us and our surroundings in space
*Involved in understanding the written and spoken language (? area)

A

patterns, Wernicke’s

30
Q

system involved in emotions and memory processing (l)

A

limbic

31
Q

? dominance is the preference of one hemisphere for certain functions over the other

A

cerebral dominance

32
Q

left hemi is responsible for ?

A

language

33
Q

right hemi is responsible for visual-spatial skills and ?

A

intuition

34
Q

the function of the corpus ? is to ? the 2 hemi’s and allow them to function as a whole

A

callosum, connect

35
Q

The Diencephalon consist of 3 Paired Gray Matter Structures:
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
All three enclose the third ventricle

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

36
Q

the ? is the relay station for sensory info to cortex

A

thalamus

37
Q

the ? is the main control for body homeostasis

A

hypothalamus

38
Q

the ? regulates sleep-wake cycles

A

epithalamus

39
Q

Brain Stem consist of (1) ?, (2) Pons, and (3) ? oblongata

A

midbrain, medulla

40
Q

functions of midbrain are:
? control
? processing
?/? cycle
? response

A

motor, sensory, sleep/wake, pain

41
Q

Degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra results in ? disease

A

Parkinson’s

42
Q

? (means bridge) is located between midbrain and medulla oblongata

A

pons

43
Q

the medulla oblongata is responsible for ? management, circulation, and ?

A

heart, breathing

44
Q

cerebellum makes us 11% of brain mass and coordinates ? movements and ?

A

voluntary, balance

45
Q

? vitae is the tree-like pattern of ? matter in the cerebellum

A

arbor, white

46
Q

The amygdaloid body recognizes angry or ? facial expressions and
assesses danger and elicits a fear or aggression ?

A

fearful, response

47
Q

The cingulate gyrus plays a role in:
1. Expressing ? via gestures
2. Resolving mental ?

A

emotions, conflict

48
Q

the brainstem structure that governs arousal and consciousness is called the ? formation

A

reticular

49
Q

the ? ? system sends impulses to keep cerebral cortex alert

A

reticular activating

50
Q

damage to wernicke’s area can cause a ? disorder (word salad)

A

language

51
Q

damage to broca’s area can cause ?

A

paralysis

52
Q

Different kinds of memory
1. ? (d) memory
2. ? (p) memory of skills
3. ? (m) memory
4. ? (e) memory

A

declarative, procedural, motor, emotional

53
Q

declarative memory is for

A

facts

54
Q

procedural memory is for

A

skills

55
Q

motor memory is like

A

riding a bike

56
Q

emotional memory involves memory of ? being linked to an emotion

A

experiences

57
Q

short-term memory is ? memorization

A

temporary

58
Q

long-term memory has a ? capacity

A

limitless

59
Q

Consciousness is clinically defined on continuum that grades behavior in response to stimuli
1. ? - highest state of consciousness
2. ? (lethargy)
3. Stupor-daze
4. ? - most depressed state of consciousness

A

alertness, drowsiness, coma

60
Q

4 Protections of Brain
1. ?
2. Meninges = membranes
3. ? fluid
4. ? brain barrier

A

bone, CSF, blood

61
Q

? mater is the strong outer layer of the meninges

A

dura

62
Q

the ? mater is the middle layer of meninges with web-like extensions

A

arachnoid

63
Q

the ? mater is the delicate layer adhering tightly to the brain

A

pia

64
Q

the space that contains CSF between arachnoid and pia mater

A

subarachnoid space

65
Q

4 functions of CSF:
gives buoyancy
reduces ? of brain
protects ? from blows
nourishes ?/ carries signals

A

weight, CNS, brain

66
Q

the ? ? barrier is a protective barrier that regulates substance entry to brain

A

blood brain

67
Q

functions of spinal cord:
1. Provides ? to and from brain and body
2. Major reflex center where ? are initiated and completed at the spinal cord

A

communication, reflexes

68
Q

the spinal cord is protected by ? and ?

A

bone, fat

69
Q

The site of a lumbar puncture or spinal tap is below ? where the spinal cord is absent

A

L3

70
Q

the name for a bundle of nerve roots below spinal cord termination is called ? equina

A

cauda

71
Q

White matter runs in three directions
1. Ascending-?
2. Descending-?
3. Transverse-?

A

up, down, across

A&P Test 4 (7 decks)

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