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A&P Test 4 > ch. 13 terms > Flashcards

ch. 13 terms Flashcards

1
Q

? respond to touch, pressure, vibration, or stretch

A

mechanoreceptors

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2
Q

? are sensitive to changes in temperature

A

thermoreceptors

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3
Q

? respond to light energy for sight

A

Photoreceptors

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4
Q

? respond to chemicals for smell, taste, or changes in blood chemistry

A

chemorecptors

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5
Q

? respond to potentially damaging stimuli and are sensitive to pain- causing stimuli, such as extreme heat or cold, excessive pressure, or inflammatory chemicals

A

nociceptors

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6
Q

? respond to stimuli arising outside body near or at body surface

A

exteroceptors

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7
Q

? (visceroceptors) respond to stimuli arising in internal viscera and blood vessels and are sensitive to chemical changes, tissue stretching, or temperature changes

A

interoceptors

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8
Q

? are located in and respond to stretch in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, and CT coverings of bones and muscles to inform the brain of one’s movements

A

Proprioceptors

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9
Q

General senses include tactile sensations
1. ?
2. Pressure
3. Stretch
4. Vibration
5. ?
6. ?
7. Muscle sense

A

touch, temperature, pain

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10
Q

? (free) nerve endings are found in
1. ? Receptors
2. Nociceptors
3. Tactile ?
4. Hair Follicle Receptors
Nonencapsulated (free) nerve endings are abundant in ? and CT

A

nonencapsulated, temperature, disc, epithelia

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11
Q

Encapsulated (free) nerve endings include:
1. Tactile Corpuscles
2. Lamellar Corpuscles
3. ? Spindles
4. ? Organs
5. ? Receptors

A

muscle, tendon, joint

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11
Q

 ? receptors are activated between 10 to 40C( 50 to 104ºF) and located in ? dermis
 ? receptors are activated between 32 to 48C( 90-118ºF) and located in ? dermis

A

cold, superficial, heat, deeper

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11
Q

? discs function as light touch receptors and are located at the ? layer of epidermis

A

tactile, basal

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12
Q

Nociceptors (Pain Receptors) are triggered by extreme ? changes, a pinch, or the release of chemicals from damaged tissue

A

temperature

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12
Q

? ? receptors are free nerve endings that wrap around hair follicles and act as light ? receptors. they also detect the ? of hairs and allow you to feel a mosquito landing on your skin

A

hair follicle, touch, bending

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12
Q

Optic nerve (II): Responsible for ?

A

vision

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13
Q

Tactile corpuscles are small receptors involved in ? touch
*Tactile corpuscles found just below skin
*Tactile corpuscles are mostly in sensitive and ? areas

A

discriminative, hairless

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13
Q

Lamellar corpuscles are large receptors that respond to deep pressure and ? then turn off (adapt rapidly)
Lamellar corpuscles located in ? dermis

A

vibration, deep

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14
Q

Muscle ? are spindle-shaped proprioceptors within ? and respond to muscle ? and also initiate a reflex that resists stretch

A

spindles, perimysium, stretching

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15
Q

? organs are proprioceptors located in tendons that detect ?

A

tendon, stretching

16
Q

? receptors are proprioceptors that monitor joint ? and motion

A

joint, positions

16
Q

? is the awareness (sensing) of changes
? is the conscious ? of those stimuli

A

sensation, perception, interpretation

16
Q

? of ? a protective mechanism where neurons release neurotransmitter substance P

A

perception, pain

17
Q

Two Types of Adaptation are
1. ? receptors
2. ? receptors

A

phasic, tonic

17
Q

Three basic levels of neural integration in sensory systems:
1. Processing at the ? level
2. Processing at the ? Level
3. Processing at the ? Level

A

receptor, circuit, perceptual

17
Q

olfactory nerve (I): responsible for

A

sense of smell

17
Q

Phasic receptors are sensory receptors for
1. Pressure
2. ?
3. ?
4. Temperature

A

touch, smell

17
Q

How the impulse is delivered to proper areas of the cerebral cortex:
1. ?-order sensory neurons
2. ?-order sensory neurons
3. ?-order sensory neurons to the ? cortex (perceptual level)

A

1st, 2nd, 3rd, somatosensory

17
Q

Examples are of tonic receptors are
1. ?
2. Most proprioceptors

A

nociceptors

17
Q

Sensory input interpreted in cerebral cortex
1. Perceptual detection- detects ?
2. Magnitude estimation- detects ? of stimulus by ? of impulses
3. Spatial discrimination- detects site and pattern of ?
4. Quality discrimination- ability to ? in specific details
5. Pattern recognition- ability to recognize ? and ? patterns

A

stimulus, intensity, frequency, stimulation, differentiate, familiar, unfamiliar

18
Q

? pain results from stimulation of visceral organ receptors and is felt as vague aching, gnawing, or ? and is activated by
1. ? stretching
2. Ischemia
3. irritating chemicals
4. Muscle ?

A

visceral, burning, tissue, spasm

18
Q

Two types of Ganglia
1. ? root ganglia = sensory neurons
2. Ganglia in ? system between = preganglionic motor neurons and postganglionic motor neurons

A

dorsal, ANS

18
Q

 Endoneurium is CT that encloses ? and their ? sheaths
 Perineurium is CT that bundles fibers into ?
 Epineurium is tough fibrous sheath around all ? to form the ?

A

axons, myelin, fascicles, fascicles, nerve

18
Q

oculomotor nerves (III) are responsible for

A

eye movement

18
Q

? pain is pain from one body region perceived as coming from a different region

A

referred

19
Q

trochlear nerves (4) are responsible for

A

eye movement

19
Q

12 cranial nerves
mnemonic:
“Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet, AHhhh” name them:

A

olfactory (1), optic (2), oculomotor (3), trochlear (4), trigeminal (5), abducens (6), facial (7), vestibulocochlear (8), glossopharyngeal (9), vagus (10), accessory (11), hypoglossal (12)

20
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve (9) are responsible for

A

taste and swallowing

20
Q

abducens (6) nerves control ? ? movements

A

lateral, eye

20
Q

accessory nerves (11) aids in the movement of the ?, ?

A

sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

20
Q

trigeminal nerve (5) are responsible for helping the face feel ?, and ?

A

pain, sensation

20
Q

facial nerves (7) allow for facial ?, ? functions and taste

A

expressions, sensory

20
Q

hypoglossal nerves (12) controls the muscles that enable ? movement

A

tongue

20
Q

vestibulocochlear nerves (8) are responsible for

A

hearing and balance

20
Q

vagus nerves (10) regulates activities of ?,?, and abdominal viscera

A

heart, lungs

20
Q

in order: mnemonic for
Can The Lion Sit Comfortably?
? pairs of ? nerves
? pairs of ? nerves
? pairs of ? nerves
? pairs of ? nerves
? pair of tiny ? nerves

A

8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 saccral, 1coccygeal

20
Q

? nerve
-Longest and thickest nerve of body
-Innervates most muscles in ? and foot

? nerve in upper limb
-provides motor and ? functions to arm
-funny bone

A

sciatic, leg, ulnar, sensory

20
Q

Spinal reflexes
1. Stretch - upright, ? neurons, patellar/knee-jerk reflex
2. Flexor - initiated by painful stimulus, ? neurons, minimize tissue damage, ? reflex

A

2, 3, withdrawal

20
Q

components of reflex arc are:
1. ?
2. sensory (afferent) neuron
3. ? center
4. motor (efferent) neuron
5. ?

A

receptor, integration, effector

A&P Test 4 (7 decks)

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