ch. 15 terms

Question 1

accessory structures protect & aid in ?. of eye
accessory structures include
1. ?- protect eye
2. ?- shade & prevent sweat from entering eye
3. Conjunctiva
4. Lacrimal apparatus
5. ? eye muscles

Answer 1

function, eyebrows, eyelids, extrinsic

Question 2

? glands are modified sebaceous glands that produce ?
secretion that ? the lid and eye to prevent them from sticking tg

Answer 2

tarsal, oily, lubricates

Question 3

conjunctiva is a transparent ? membrane that produces a lubricating mucous ?
? conjunctiva- lines underside of eyelids
? conjunctiva- covers white part of eyes, not cornea

Answer 3

mucous, secretion, palpebral, bulbar

Question 4

? ? is space between palpebral and bulbar
conjunctiva where the contact lens rests

Answer 4

conjunctival sac

Question 5

Lacrimal ? consists of the lacrimal ? and ducts that drain into ? cavity
-Lacrimal gland secretes ?

Answer 5

apparatus, gland, nasal, tears

Question 6

Lacrimal ? (tears) is a dilute saline solution containing
1. Mostly ? and ?
2. Antibodies
3. Antibacterial ? – an enzyme that kills ?

Answer 6

secretion, water, mucous, lysozyme, bacteria

Question 7

*Blinking spreads tears toward the ? ? where the tears enter the paired lacrimal ?. the tears then drain into the Lacrimal ?, then into the ? duct which empties into ? cavity

Answer 7

medial commissure, canaliculi, sac, nasolacrimal, nasal

Question 8

The ? duct is a tube that drains tears from the eyes into the nasal cavity

Answer 8

nasolacrimal

Question 9

Extrinsic eye muscles consists of
1. The four rectus muscles in the eye: the ?, ?, ?, and ? recti, have different functions that control eye ?
2. Two ? muscles
Move eye in vertical plane or ? the eyeball
Superior and inferior oblique muscles

Answer 9

superior, inferior, medial, lateral, movement, oblique, rotate

Question 10

Wall of eyeball contains three layers
1. ? layer
2. ? layer
3. ? layer

Answer 10

fibrous, vascular, inner

Question 11

The ? chamber is the front part of the eye between the ? and the ?. inside of the chamber is Aqueous ? that nourishes the cornea and iris. its function is to help focus ? onto the retina.

Answer 11

anterior, cornea, iris, humor, light

Question 12

The ? chamber is an important structure involved in the production and ? of aqueous humor. it is located between the iris and the ? and it contains the ?, choroid, and ? nerve head.

Answer 12

posterior, circulation, lens, retina, optic

Question 13

? layer contains the:
?- protects and shapes eyeball
?- allows light entry and bending

Answer 13

fibrous, sclera, cornea

Question 14

? layer contains the:
?- contains blood and absorbs light in eye
? body- surrounds lens; controls its shape
?- colored part of eye that regulates light entry

Answer 14

vascular, choroid, ciliary, iris

Question 15

2 types of smooth muscle that control amt of light that enters eye:
1. ? pupillae- comtrols the amount of light that reaches the retina by ? the pupil
2. ? pupillae- ? the pupil to let ? light into the eye

Answer 15

sphincter, constricting, dilator, dilates, more

Question 16

the ? has an outer ? layer and an inner neural layer. it also stores vitamin ?

Answer 16

retina, pigmented, A

Question 17

? disc is site where optic nerve leaves the eye and lacks
?, & is referred to as blind spot

Answer 17

optic, photoreceptors

Question 18

the ? ? is an area that contains mostly cones and has the best visuals

Answer 18

macula lutea

Question 19

? ? are tiny pits with ALL cones and has the highest resolution

Answer 19

fovea centralis

Question 20

?- sensitive to dim light; peripheral vision
?- are receptors for bright light and color vision

Answer 20

rods, cones

Question 21

-Aqueous humor drains via the ? ? sinus into the blood
-Aqueous humor supplies ? and oxygen and removes ?

Answer 21

scleral venous, nutrients, waste

Question 22

Pathway of light entering eye for focusing light on the retina
1. ?
2. Aqueous humor
3. ?
4. Vitreous humor
5. retina
6. ?receptors

Answer 22

cornea, lens, photo

Question 23

for ? vision the lenses are stretched ?
for ? vision the lenses are thick & ?

Answer 23

distant, flat, close, convex

Question 24

Focusing for ? vision is gradually lost with age because the
lens loses ? and can’t recoil

Answer 24

close, elasticity

Question 25

the processing and relaying of visual info occurs when: ? hits the retina, ?receptor cells convert light into ? signals and the signals are then relayed to the ? nerve

Answer 25

light, photoreceptor, electrical, optic

Question 26

Both eyes view same image from slightly different ? and the visual
? fuses these slightly different images resulting in a 3D
image, which leads to ? perception

Answer 26

angles, cortex, depth

Question 27

? must be dissolved in aqueous solution to be detected by chemoreceptors
chemoreceptors detect molecules in the air and ?
*? receptors are excited by chemicals dissolved in nasal fluids
*? receptors respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva

Answer 27

chemicals, saliva, smell, taste

Question 28

? epithelium (Organ of smell) is located in roof of nasal cavity and covers superior nasal conchae

Answer 28

olfactory

Question 29

The ? pathway is the process that transmits information about ? molecules from the nose to the ?

Answer 29

olfactory, odor, brain

Question 30

? is the organ of taste

Answer 30

gustatory

Question 31

Papillae are peg-like projections of tongue mucosa and are classed as: (Freddy Fished Very Fervently)
1. ? papillae
2. ? papillae
3. ? papillae
4. ? papillae

Answer 31

1. Fungiform
2. Foliate
3. Vallate
4. Filiform

Question 32

*There are five basic taste sensations
1. ?—sugars, saccharin, alcohol, some amino acids
2. ?—hydrogen ions in solution (acids)
3. ?—metal ions (inorganic salts); sodium chloride tastes
saltiest
4. ?—alkaloids such as quinine and nicotine, caffeine, and
nonalkaloids (aspirin)
5. ?—amino acids glutamate and aspartate; example: beef
(meat) or cheese taste, and monosodium glutamate

Answer 32

sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami

Question 33

The ear has three major areas
1. ? (outer) ear: ? only
2. ? ear (tympanic cavity): ? only
3. ? (inner) ear: ? and ?

Answer 33

external, middle, internal, hearing (x3), equilibrium

Question 34

the external ear consists of:
1. ?
2. External ? ?

Answer 34

auricle, acoustic meatus

Question 35

the middle ear consists of:
-? tube connects the middle ear to the ? and is a flattened tube that can be opened by yawning or swallowing to equalize

Answer 35

pharyngotympanic, nasopharynx

Question 36

pharyngotympanic tube functions to ? ?
between
1. Middle ear cavity
2. External air pressure

Answer 36

equalize, pressure

Question 37

auditory ossicles are three small bones in tympanic cavity
named for their shape:
1. M
2. I
3. S

Answer 37

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 38

The inner ear (labyrinth) is located in the temporal bone and consists of two major divisions
1. ? labyrinth- in petrous part of temporal bone- filled w ? fluid
2. ? labyrinth– in bony labyrinth- filled w ?

Answer 38

bony, perilymph, membranous, endolymph

Question 39

In the ?, the Saccule and Utricle sacs house equilibrium receptors called Maculae
*Macula responds to
1. ? of Gravity
2. Reports changes in ? of head

Answer 39

vestibule, pull, position

Question 40

In the ? canals, the enlarged area of the
ducts of each canal that houses equilibrium
receptor region called the crista ampullaris
*Equilibrium receptors of the crista ampullaris
respond to ? or ? movements
of the head

Answer 40

semicircular, angular, rotational

Question 41

the organ of Corti is

Answer 41

cochlea

Question 42

the properties of sound are:
1. ? = pitch
2. ? = sound’s intensity or loudness

Answer 42

frequency, amplitude

Question 43

pathway of sound:
? membrane
auditory ossicles
stapes
? membrane

Answer 43

tympanic, basilar

Question 44

How do we determine where the sound is coming from?
Depends on
1. ? of the sound
2. ? of sound waves reaching both ears
Location of Sound
-If sound is in front, back, or overhead, sound waves cue ? ears at
same time
-If sound is on one side, sound wave activates receptors of ? ear
slightly earlier

Answer 44

intensity, timing, both, nearer

Question 45

? receptors monitor head position and movement for balance

Answer 45

equilibrium

Question 46

semicircular canals monitor ? equilibrium whereas vestibule monitor ? equilibrium

Answer 46

dynamic, static

Question 47

static eq.-
dynamic eq.-

Answer 47

no movement, continuous movement