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Medical Biochemistry > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Specialized products of tyrosine, phenylalanine

A

Epinephrine. Norepinephrine. Melanin. Dopamine. Thyroid hormones.

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1
Q

Specialized product of tryptophan

A

Serotonin, melatonin, nad, NADP

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2
Q

Specialized product of Arginine

A

Nitric oxide, creatinine

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3
Q

Specialized products of histidine

A

Histamine

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4
Q

Specialized product of glutamic acid

A

GABA, glutathione

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5
Q

Specialized product of glycine

A

Heme and glutathione

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6
Q

Cofactors methylmalonyl coa mutase

A

B12

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7
Q

Cofactors transaminase

A

PLP

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8
Q

Cofactors hydroxylase

A

BH4

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9
Q

Cofactors methionine synthase

A

B12

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10
Q

Cofactor cytochrome c oxidase

A

Copper

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11
Q

Cofactors superoxide dismutase

A

Copper

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12
Q

Cofactor Lysyl oxidase

A

Copper

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13
Q

Cofactors tyrosinase

A

Copper

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14
Q

Cofactor dopamine beta hydroxylase

A

Copper, vit c

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15
Q

Cofactor ceruloplasmin

A

Copper

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16
Q

Cause menke’s

A

Low copper, x linked

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17
Q

Cause Wilson’s

A

High copper, deficient ceruloplasmin

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18
Q

Causes microcytic anemia

A

Low copper, low PLP, low iron,

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19
Q

Iron absorption

A

Heme from meat. Ferric iron from green leafy veggies. Must be converted to ferrous iron in intestine (ceruloplasmin has feroxidase activity)

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20
Q

Where is iron stored?

A

Reticulocytes and liver

21
Q

What form is iron stored in?

A

Ferritin/hemodexerin

22
Q

Symptoms of hereditary hemochromatosis

A

Accumulation of stored iron.

Bronze skin, diabetes, heart dysfunction, liver damage

23
Q

Use of zinc

A

Oxidases

24
Q

Result of zinc deficiency

A

Acrodermititis enteropathica

25
Q

Iodine used in….

A

Thyroid hormone

26
Q

Deficiency of iodine leads to….

A

Goiter

27
Q

What needs selenium?

A

Glutathione peroxidase

28
Q

What needs manganese?

A

Pyruvate Carboxylase!

29
Q

What needs magnesium?

A

Enzymes using ATP

30
Q

Tay Sachs

A

Beta hexamidase a GM2(ganglioside) onion inclusions.. cherry red spot macula densa Deadsies

31
Q

Niemann pick

A

Sphingomyelinase, sphingomyelin, foamy cell. Type A is fatal by 2-3y Type B causes HS megaly.

32
Q

Fabry

A

Alpha galatosidase , globosides, bathing trunk rash, peripheral neuropathy.

33
Q

Gaucher

A

Beta glucosidase, glucosyl ceremide, HS megaly, osteoporosis, NO NEUROPATHY

34
Q

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

A

Aryl sulfatase A, sulfatides, progressive paralysis and demyelination.

35
Q

I cell disease

A

Inability to phosphorylate mannose, poor targeting, sphingomyelin and GAGs, Looks like hurlers.

36
Q

Hunter’s

A

Idonurate sulfatase, heparan/dermatan sulfate, NO Cataracts

37
Q

Hurlers

A

L alpha idonurase, HS/ds, cataracts

38
Q

Pompe disease

A

Acid Maltase, glycogen, cardiomyopathy, liver and muscle damage

39
Q

Albumin

A

Made in liver, low causes edema

40
Q

Alpha fetoprotein

A

Alpha one
High in adults liver, testicular, or ovarian cancer
High in amnio, neural tube defect
Low in amnio, Down syndrome.

41
Q

Alpha one antitrypsin

A

Inhibits neutrophil elastase marker for emphysema

42
Q

Transcortin

A

Alpha one

Transports cortisol

43
Q

Retinol binding protein

A

Alpha one , transports Retinol (vitamin a)

44
Q

Alpha 2 macroglobulin

A

Alpha two

Huge and not normally secreted in urine, marker for glomerular damage (nephrosis)

45
Q

Ceruloplasmin

A

Alpha two

Transports copper. Marker for Wilson’s disease if low. Also has feroxidase activity in intestines

46
Q

haptoglobulin

A

Alpha two

Binds hb in serum. Low haptoglobulin indicates hemolysis

47
Q

Beta LDL

A

Cholesterol transport to peripheral tissues and liver. Contains apo b100.

48
Q

Hemopexin

A

Beta
Saves heme iron!
Prevents it’s excretion

49
Q

Transferrin

A

Transports iron in blood

50
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

Gamma
One elevated in multiple myeloma
All in liver cirrhosis

Medical Biochemistry (24 decks)

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