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Human Physiology and Pharmacology > FInal (Renal System) > Flashcards

FInal (Renal System) Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Kidneys

A

filter blood
eliminate wastes
regulate water and ion balance
modulate pH
regulate BP
produce hormones

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2
Q

Properties of Kidneys

A

0.4% of body weight
recieve 20-25% CO

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3
Q

Cortex

A

bowman’s capsule
pt
dt

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4
Q

Medulla

A

loh
ct

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5
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of kidneys

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6
Q

Vascular pole

A

where the afferent and efferent arterioles enter and exit the glomerulus

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7
Q

Urinary pole

A

where the ultrafiltrate exits the bowman’s space and pct begins

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8
Q

podocytes

A

highly specialized epithelial cells that wrap around the capillaries at the glomerulus

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9
Q

afferent arteriole

A

brings in unfiltered blood that becomes waste

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10
Q

efferent arteriole

A

filtered blood that goes back to the heart

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11
Q

glomerulus

A

filters blood

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12
Q

peritubular capillaries

A

filters blood that becomes waste

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13
Q

excretion

A

afferent arteriole->glomerulus->pct->loh->dt->ct->bladder

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14
Q

reabsorption

A

afferent arteriole->glomerulus->efferent arteriole->peritubular capillaries->vasa recta->renal vein

reabsorption can also occur in pt (30%), dt, and loh

passive and active transport

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15
Q

filtration

A

occurs in the glomerulus
occurs first
more filtration than secretion

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16
Q

secretion

A

pt, dt, ct

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17
Q

loh

A

used for reabsorption

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18
Q

amount of solute excreted

A

amount reabsorbed+amount secreted

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19
Q

secretion

A

more specific

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20
Q

net filtation pressure

A

total pressure that promotes filtration (BP. colloid pressure)

21
Q

decreased plasma protein conc.

A

increased GFR

22
Q

increased pressure

A

increased GFR

23
Q

decreased pressure

A

decreased GFR

24
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

affect dilation or constriction of vessels to macth filtration rates

25
Q

membrane transporters

A

saturation
specificity
competition for binding

26
Q

urea

A

a nitrogenous waste product (50% reabs and 50% secret.)

27
Q

xenobiotics

A

foreign molecules that arent found in the body

28
Q

Why is reabsorption favored in the peritubular capillaries

A

hydrostatic pressure lower in the peritubular capillaries due to farther distance

reabsorbtion occurs in the opp. direction than filtration

29
Q

creatinine

A

measures kidney func. (estimates GFR)

30
Q

GFR

A

if only filtered, clearance=GFR

31
Q

inulin

A

polysaccharide (complex carb. from plants)
100% excreted

32
Q

glucose

A

most of it reabsorbed (~100%)
in urine for diabetic patients

33
Q

SGLT2

A

diabetic drug
prevents reabsorption of glucose, thus excreted

34
Q

penicillin

A

high secretion, so high excretion
low filtration

35
Q

micturition

A

process of urination

36
Q

osmolarity

A

increases as you go nephron (by the time it gets to the loh)

37
Q

ALOH

A

solute reabsorption->hyperosmotic
less heat loss

38
Q

DLOH

A

fluid reabsorption->hypoosmotic
heat loss

39
Q

countercurrent exchange

A
40
Q

vasopressin (ADH)

A

if supressed, more dilute urine
higher at night
peptide hormone
faster response due to aquaporins

41
Q

BP

A

decreased BP and BV=water is conserved
increased thirst and water intake

42
Q

aldosterone

A

increased k+ conc.
increased BP
steroid hormone
increased na+ reabs.
released by adrenal cortex

43
Q

angiotension II

A

peptide hormone
increased BP and CO
triggers vasocontriction
increases vasopressin secretion (increased thirst)
can be reduced by targeting ACE, ARBs, direct renin inhibitors

44
Q

antihypertensives

A

diuretics
beta blockers
calcium channel blockers

45
Q

ANP

A

decreased myocardial stretch
decreased BV and BP
peptide hormone
increased na+ and H2O excretion
increased GFR by vasodilation
inhibits RAAS

46
Q

BNP

A

decreased myocardial stretch
peptide hormone
importatn clinical marker in patients with HF

47
Q

natriuresis

A

na+ loss

48
Q

diuresis

A

h2o loss

Human Physiology and Pharmacology (7 decks)

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