Final (Digestive System) Flashcards
Lumen
top
Serosa
bottom
outer covering of the entire digestive tract
connective tissue that is a cont. of the peritoneum
oblique muscle
aids in movement of food in the stomach (churn)
expansion of stomach
peyer’s patch
GALT= gult associated lymphoid tissue
movement of immune cells
migrating motor complexes
empty stomach
sweeps food remnants and bacteria out of the upper GI tract and into the large intestine
peristalsis
during and after meal
contractions that move from one section of the GI tract to the next
segmental contractions
during and after digestion
churning
digestion
contract and relax
shorter
pacemaker cells
regulate contractility of smooth muscle
smooth muscle contractions
graded
increased ca2+
larger contraction
secretory cell secretions
mucus
bicarbonate
HCl
pepsin
somatostatin= inhibits gastrin and secretin
gastrin
endocrine islets (to bloodstream)
secretes insulin and glucogon
exocrine islets
secretes digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate
exocrine pancreas
secretes ions and enzymes
go through pancreatic duct to small intestine
bile
secreted by liver
fat digestion (bile salts)
go through bile duct
secretes bilirubin (bile pigment)
secretes cholesterol= excreted in feces
enzymes for digestion of carbs
starch break down in the mouth by amylase
disaccaride->2 monosaccaride->absorption in small intestine
zymogens
protein breakdown
inactive proenzymes
protection against constant digestion
activated by proteolytic pathway (trypsinogen->trypsin in pancreas)
proteins
chains of AA’s
endopeptidase
digest inside
exopeptidase
digest outside
gallbladder
store bile
released to promote digestion of fats
emulsify
break down into smaller compartments
allows bile to be soluble in h2o
cylomicrones
repackages fats made available to rest of body
cephalic digestion
feedforward response
preparation to recieve food
gastric digestion
gastrin secretion
acid secretion
enzyme secretion
pancreas secretion= somatastain, mucous, bicarbonate
enteric ns
nerves in small intestine that talk to the brain
autoregulation of movement of the digestive system
mesentary
combo of the peritoneum that hold the intestines in place
connective tissue
blood vessels and lymph nodes
aid in absorption in small intestine and stomach
processes of digestive system
digestion
secretion
absorption
motility
exocrine secretion organs
salivary glands
pancreas
liver (bile)
pathway of digestive system
oral cavity->bolus->esophagus->stomach->chyme->small intestine->large intestines->feces
immune function
as many as 80% of lymphocytes are found in the small intestine
smooth muscle
aid in motility in the digestive system
Spincters
LES (esophagus->stomach)
PS (stomach->small intestine)
ICS (small intestine->large intestine)
IAS (rectum->anus)
absorption
movement of material from GI lumen to ECF
secretion
movement of material from cells into lumen or ECF
mucosa
inter lining of the GI tract (epithelial and subepithelial connective tissue)
submucosa
connective tissue with larger blood and lymph vessels and the submucosal
plexus, a major nerve network of the enteric nervous system
muscularis externa
two layers of smooth muscle (inner circular and outer longitudinal layer)
with the myenteric plexus (another nerve network of the enteric nervous system) between the
layers
