Final Practical (Lab 8 Portion) Flashcards
5 nerves of the brachial plexus
- Axillary nerve
- Radial nerve
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Median nerve
- Ulnar nerve
The 4 groups of plexuses
- Cervical plexus
- Brachial plexus
- Lumbar plexus
- Sacral plexus
2 nerves of the lumbar plexus
- Femoral nerve
2. Obturator nerve
Nerve of the cervical plexus
Phrenic nerve
Nerve of the sacral plexus
Sciatic nerve
The cylindrical continuation of the brain stem that provides neural pathways throughout the body
Spinal cord
The spinal cord is located within the vertebral canal of the spinal column and held in place by ____ ____.
Denticulate ligaments
The spinal cord ranges from the foramen magnum to its terminal end called the ____ ____.
Conus medullaris
CSF-filled meninges go beyond the ____ ____, allowing a good placement for a lumbar tap
Conus medullaris
L3-L5 is a significant area for what 2 things?
- Lumbar tap
2. Anesthesia for childbirth
____ ____ of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord and pass through intervertebral foramina to serve the body at different regions
31 pairs
Since the spinal cord doesn’t fully extend through the vertebral column, the spinal nerves emerging from the inferior end of the cord (____ ____) must travel through the vertebral canal for some distance before exiting at the appropriate foramina.
Cauda equina
The first pair of spinal nerves leaves the vertebral canal between the base of the ____ and the ____, but all the rest exit by the ____ ____.
- Occiput and atlas
2. Intervertebral foramina
First through seventh pairs of cervical nerves emerge ____ the vertebra for which they are named.
Above
C8 emerges between the ____ and ____ vertebrae.
C7 and T1
All spinal nerves below C8 emerge from the spinal cord ____ the same-numbered vertebra.
Below
Each spinal nerve divides into the ____ and ____ ____.
Dorsal and ventral rami
Each of the rami contains both ____ and ____ fibers.
Sensory and motor
These rami serve the skin and muscles of the posterior body trunk
Dorsal rami
These rami pass anteriorly as the intercostal nerves to supply intercostal muscles and skin and muscles of anterior and lateral trunk
Ventral rami of spinal nerves T2 and T12
Subdivision of the PNS which regulates the body activities that are involuntary
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
3 parts of the body served by the ANS
- Heart
- Smooth muscle found in organs and blood vessels
- Internal glands
2 major functional subdivisions of ANS
- Sympathetic NS
2. Parasympathetic NS
Fight or flight
Sympathetic NS
Rest and digest
Parasympathetic NS
A rapid, predictable response that occurs in response to a stimulus
Reflex
A reflex happens over a ____ ____ (a neural pathway)
Reflex arc
5 components of a reflex arc
- Receptor
- Sensory neuron
- Integration center
- Motor neuron
- Effector
Site of a stimulus action
Receptor
Brings afferent impulses towards CNS
Sensory neuron
Consists of one or more neurons in the CNS
Integration center
Conducts efferent impulses from integration center to an effector organ
Motor neuron
Muscle fibers or glands; responds to efferent impulses (contracting or secreting)
Effector
2 types of cranial nerve reflex tests
- Corneal reflex
2. Gag reflex
A reflex tested by using a cotton tip applicator and touching the cornea with it to notice blinking
Corneal reflex
The corneal reflex is done through the ____ nerve, also known as cranial nerve ____.
- Trigeminal
2. V
The absence of the corneal reflex correlates to ____ ____ damage due to ____ ____ or ____.
- Brain stem
2. Brain compression or trauma
In this reflex, when the uvula is stroked, each side of the mucosa should rise equally
Gag reflex
The gag reflex tests cranial nerves ____ and ____.
IX and X
Reflexes that occur through the ANS; we are not usually aware of them
Autonomic reflexes
3 parts of the body that autonomic reflexes activate
- Smooth muscles
- Cardiac muscle
- Glands of the body
Autonomic reflexes also help with regulating ____ ____.
Body functions
2 types of autonomic reflexes
- Pupillary reflex
2. Ciliospinal reflex
A reflex that allows the iris to constrict when light is shined into the eye
Pupillary reflex
Pupillary reflexes involve these cranial nerves
II and III
In a pupillary reflex, if you shine a light into one eye, the other eye also constricts. This is called a ____ ____.
Contralateral response
A reflex which involves gently stroking or pinching the skin (or just the hairs) on the left side of the back of the subject’s neck close to the hairline
Ciliospinal reflex
In a ciliospinal reflex, you should see ____ ____ on the ____ eye. This is due to a ____ nervous system stimulation.
- Pupillary dilation
- Left
- Sympathetic
