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Biology 225 Lab > Final Practical (Lab 8 Portion) > Flashcards

Final Practical (Lab 8 Portion) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

5 nerves of the brachial plexus

A
  1. Axillary nerve
  2. Radial nerve
  3. Musculocutaneous nerve
  4. Median nerve
  5. Ulnar nerve
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1
Q

The 4 groups of plexuses

A
  1. Cervical plexus
  2. Brachial plexus
  3. Lumbar plexus
  4. Sacral plexus
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2
Q

2 nerves of the lumbar plexus

A
  1. Femoral nerve

2. Obturator nerve

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3
Q

Nerve of the cervical plexus

A

Phrenic nerve

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4
Q

Nerve of the sacral plexus

A

Sciatic nerve

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5
Q

The cylindrical continuation of the brain stem that provides neural pathways throughout the body

A

Spinal cord

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6
Q

The spinal cord is located within the vertebral canal of the spinal column and held in place by ____ ____.

A

Denticulate ligaments

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7
Q

The spinal cord ranges from the foramen magnum to its terminal end called the ____ ____.

A

Conus medullaris

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8
Q

CSF-filled meninges go beyond the ____ ____, allowing a good placement for a lumbar tap

A

Conus medullaris

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9
Q

L3-L5 is a significant area for what 2 things?

A
  1. Lumbar tap

2. Anesthesia for childbirth

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10
Q

____ ____ of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord and pass through intervertebral foramina to serve the body at different regions

A

31 pairs

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11
Q

Since the spinal cord doesn’t fully extend through the vertebral column, the spinal nerves emerging from the inferior end of the cord (____ ____) must travel through the vertebral canal for some distance before exiting at the appropriate foramina.

A

Cauda equina

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12
Q

The first pair of spinal nerves leaves the vertebral canal between the base of the ____ and the ____, but all the rest exit by the ____ ____.

A
  1. Occiput and atlas

2. Intervertebral foramina

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13
Q

First through seventh pairs of cervical nerves emerge ____ the vertebra for which they are named.

A

Above

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14
Q

C8 emerges between the ____ and ____ vertebrae.

A

C7 and T1

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15
Q

All spinal nerves below C8 emerge from the spinal cord ____ the same-numbered vertebra.

A

Below

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16
Q

Each spinal nerve divides into the ____ and ____ ____.

A

Dorsal and ventral rami

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17
Q

Each of the rami contains both ____ and ____ fibers.

A

Sensory and motor

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18
Q

These rami serve the skin and muscles of the posterior body trunk

A

Dorsal rami

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19
Q

These rami pass anteriorly as the intercostal nerves to supply intercostal muscles and skin and muscles of anterior and lateral trunk

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves T2 and T12

20
Q

Subdivision of the PNS which regulates the body activities that are involuntary

A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

21
Q

3 parts of the body served by the ANS

A
  1. Heart
  2. Smooth muscle found in organs and blood vessels
  3. Internal glands
22
Q

2 major functional subdivisions of ANS

A
  1. Sympathetic NS

2. Parasympathetic NS

23
Q

Fight or flight

A

Sympathetic NS

24
Q

Rest and digest

A

Parasympathetic NS

25
Q

A rapid, predictable response that occurs in response to a stimulus

A

Reflex

26
Q

A reflex happens over a ____ ____ (a neural pathway)

A

Reflex arc

27
Q

5 components of a reflex arc

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory neuron
  3. Integration center
  4. Motor neuron
  5. Effector
28
Q

Site of a stimulus action

A

Receptor

29
Q

Brings afferent impulses towards CNS

A

Sensory neuron

30
Q

Consists of one or more neurons in the CNS

A

Integration center

31
Q

Conducts efferent impulses from integration center to an effector organ

A

Motor neuron

32
Q

Muscle fibers or glands; responds to efferent impulses (contracting or secreting)

A

Effector

33
Q

2 types of cranial nerve reflex tests

A
  1. Corneal reflex

2. Gag reflex

34
Q

A reflex tested by using a cotton tip applicator and touching the cornea with it to notice blinking

A

Corneal reflex

35
Q

The corneal reflex is done through the ____ nerve, also known as cranial nerve ____.

A
  1. Trigeminal

2. V

36
Q

The absence of the corneal reflex correlates to ____ ____ damage due to ____ ____ or ____.

A
  1. Brain stem

2. Brain compression or trauma

37
Q

In this reflex, when the uvula is stroked, each side of the mucosa should rise equally

A

Gag reflex

38
Q

The gag reflex tests cranial nerves ____ and ____.

A

IX and X

39
Q

Reflexes that occur through the ANS; we are not usually aware of them

A

Autonomic reflexes

40
Q

3 parts of the body that autonomic reflexes activate

A
  1. Smooth muscles
  2. Cardiac muscle
  3. Glands of the body
41
Q

Autonomic reflexes also help with regulating ____ ____.

A

Body functions

42
Q

2 types of autonomic reflexes

A
  1. Pupillary reflex

2. Ciliospinal reflex

43
Q

A reflex that allows the iris to constrict when light is shined into the eye

A

Pupillary reflex

44
Q

Pupillary reflexes involve these cranial nerves

A

II and III

45
Q

In a pupillary reflex, if you shine a light into one eye, the other eye also constricts. This is called a ____ ____.

A

Contralateral response

46
Q

A reflex which involves gently stroking or pinching the skin (or just the hairs) on the left side of the back of the subject’s neck close to the hairline

A

Ciliospinal reflex

47
Q

In a ciliospinal reflex, you should see ____ ____ on the ____ eye. This is due to a ____ nervous system stimulation.

A
  1. Pupillary dilation
  2. Left
  3. Sympathetic

Biology 225 Lab (7 decks)

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