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Biology 225 Lab > Final Practical (Lab 7 Portion) > Flashcards

Final Practical (Lab 7 Portion) Flashcards

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0
Q

Control the chemical environment around neurons; most abundant

A

Astrocytes

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1
Q

4 types of CNS neuroglia

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal cells
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2
Q

Myelinated cytoplasmic extensions of the neuron to speed up signal conduction

A

Oligodendrocytes

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3
Q

Phagocytic; destroys pathogens or cellular debris

A

Microglia

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4
Q

Line CSF-filled cavities to secrete CSF (a clear liquid that bathes the CNS)

A

Ependymal cells

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5
Q

2 types of PNS neuroglia

A
  1. Schwann cells

2. Satellite cells

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6
Q

Myelinated cytoplasmic extensions of the neuron to speed up signal conduction; assist in regeneration of damaged fibers

A

Schwann cells

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7
Q

Surround the neurosomas in ganglia of the PNS; provide electrical insulation around the soma; regulate the chemical environment of the neurons

A

Satellite cells

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8
Q

Region of the neuron that houses the nucleus and cytoplasm

A

Cell body/neurosoma

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9
Q

The cytoplasm is riddled with ____ and ____ ____.

A

Neurofibrils and Nissil bodies

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10
Q

Clusters of cell bodies in the CNS; neuron fibers running through the CNS form tracts of white matter

A

Nuclei

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11
Q

Clusters of cell bodies outside the CNS; neuron fibers running from the peripheral nerves

A

Ganglia

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12
Q

Cytoskeletal elements of the neuron that helps maintain support and intracellular transport functioning

A

Neurofibrils

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13
Q

A type of rough endoplasmic reticulum that is involved with the metabolic activities of the cell

A

Nissil bodies

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14
Q

Receptive regions for neurotransmitters released by other neurons; neurons can have many of these

A

Dendrites

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15
Q

Nerve fibers that generate and conduct nerve impulses; neurons have only one of these

A

Axon

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16
Q

Where the cell body transitions into the axon

A

Axon hillock

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17
Q

Also known as synaptic knobs; form synapses or junctions with neurons or effector cells

A

Axon terminals

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18
Q

Each axon terminal is separated from the cell body or dendrites of the next neuron by a ____ ____.

A

Synaptic cleft

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19
Q

Gaps or indentations in the myelin sheath

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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20
Q

A fatty material that covers the nerve fibers

A

Myelin

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21
Q

The wrapping of Schwann cells around the axon in jelly roll fashion

A

Myelin sheath

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22
Q

Sheath of Schwann - the peripheral part of the Schwann cell and its exposed plasma membrane

A

Neurilemma

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23
Q

CNS sheaths do not exhibit the ____ seen in fibers myelinated by Schwann cells

A

Neurilemma

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24
Q

Neurons carrying impulses from sensory receptors in the internal organs, the skin, skeletal muscles, joints, or special sensory organs; receptive endings are often equipped with specialized receptors that are stimulated by specific changes in their immediate environment; cell bodies found in a ganglion outside the CNS; typically unipolar

A

Sensory (afferent) neurons

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25
Q

Neurons carrying impulses from the CNS to the viscera and/or body muscles and glands; often multipolar; cell bodies located in the CNS

A

Motor (efferent) neurons

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26
Q

Neurons that help connect sensory and motor neurons; cell bodies located within CNS; multipolar structure

A

Interneurons (association neurons)

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27
Q

Three protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges (singular: meninx)

28
Q

Outermost meninx; double-layered membrane

A

Dura mater

29
Q

Layer of the dura mater attached to the inner surface of skull forming the periosteum

A

Periosteal layer

30
Q

Division of the dura mater which develops between the periosteal and meningeal layer

A

Dural sinus

31
Q

Layer of the dura mater which forms the outermost brain and spinal cord covering

A

Meningeal layer

32
Q

Middle meninx; weblike

A

Arachnoid mater

33
Q

The arachnoid mater is separated from dura mater by ____ ____.

A

Subdural space

34
Q

Threadlike projections bridge the ____ ____ to attach to pia mater

A

Subarachnoid space

35
Q

The subarachnoid space is filled with ____ ____.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

36
Q

____ ____ protrude through dura mater to allow the CSF to drain back into venous circulation via the superior sagittal sinus and other dural sinuses.

A

Arachnoid villi

37
Q

Innermost meninx; delicate layer; highly vascular and clings to the surface of the brain

A

Pia mater

38
Q

An embryonic structure where the CNS is created

A

Neural tube

39
Q

By 4th developmental week, the top/front end of the neural tube expands, constricts, and divides itself into the ____, ____, and ____.

A

Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

40
Q

The lower segment of the neural tube becomes the ____ ____.

A

Spinal cord

41
Q

The central canal of the neural tube enlarges in 4 regions of the brain, making chambers called ____.

A

Ventricles

42
Q

4 ventricles of the brain

A

2 lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, and 4th ventricle

43
Q

A half of the brain

A

Hemisphere

44
Q

Hemisphere responsible for artistic and creative thoughts

A

Right

45
Q

Hemisphere responsible for language skills and speech

A

Left

46
Q

Located at the junction of the parietal and temporal lobes; an area on which unfamiliar words are sounded out

A

Wernicke’s Area

47
Q

Wernicke’s Area is located in the ____ hemisphere only.

A

Left

48
Q

Ridges of the brain

A

Gyri (singular: gyrus)

49
Q

Shallow grooves of the brain

A

Sulci (singular: sulcus)

50
Q

Deep grooves of the brain (aka deep sulcus)

A

Fissures

51
Q

Divides the cerebral hemispheres

A

Longitudinal fissure

52
Q

Divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe

A

Central sulcus

53
Q

Separates the temporal lobe from parietal lobe

A

Lateral sulcus

54
Q

A shallow groove on the sides of each hemisphere that divides the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

55
Q

5 lobes of the brain

A
  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Occipital lobe
  3. Parietal lobe
  4. Temporal lobe
  5. Insula (hidden)
56
Q

Functional area of the occipital lobe responsible for vision

A

Visual area

57
Q

2 functional areas of temporal lobe

A
  1. Olfactory area

2. Auditory association area and primary auditory cortex

58
Q

Functional area of the temporal lobe dealing with smell

A

Olfactory area

59
Q

Functional area of the temporal lobe dealing with sound/hearing analysis

A

Auditory association area and primary auditory cortex

60
Q

“Hidden lobe”; the 5th lobe in each hemisphere that is covered by the other lobes

A

Insula

61
Q

Outermost gray matter of cerebrum

A

Cerebral cortex

62
Q

Found deep to the cerebral cortex; composed of fiber tracts carrying impulses to or from the cortex

A

Cerebral white matter

63
Q

Knotlike collections of capillaries within each ventricle that form cerebrospinal fluid (which forms a watery cushion that protects the delicate brain against blows to the head; similar to plasma).

A

Choroid plexus

64
Q

The brainstem contains the ____ and ____ ____.

A

Midbrain and fourth ventricle

65
Q

Consists of motor and sensory fiber tracts connecting the brain with lower CNS centers; connects to the cerebellum

A

Pons (means “bridge”)

66
Q

Lowest brainstem region; composed of fiber tracts; houses many vital autonomic centers involved in the control of heart rate, respiratory rhythm, and blood pressure and involuntary centers involved in vomiting and swallowing.

A

Medulla oblongata

67
Q

A slender canal traveling through the midbrain; it connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle

A

Cerebral aqueduct

Biology 225 Lab (7 decks)

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