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Biology 225 Lab > Exercise 21: Human Reflex > Flashcards

Exercise 21: Human Reflex Flashcards

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0
Q

A neural pathway

A

Reflex arc

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1
Q
  • A rapid predictable response that occurs in response to a stimulus
  • Involuntary
  • Happens over a reflex arc (a neural pathway)
A

Reflex

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2
Q

What are the 5 components of a reflex arc?

A
  • Receptor
  • Sensory neuron
  • Integration center
  • Motor neuron
  • Effector
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3
Q

Site of stimulus action

A

Receptor

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4
Q

Brings afferent impulses towards CNS

A

Sensory neuron

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5
Q

Consists of one or more neurons in the CNS

A

Integration center

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6
Q

Conducts efferent impulses from integration center to an effector organ

A

Motor neuron

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7
Q

Muscle fibers or glands; responds to efferent impulses (contracting or secreting)

A

Effector

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8
Q

A type of reflex that has a single synapse between the afferent and efferent neurons

A

Monosynaptic reflex

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9
Q

A type of reflex that has two or more synapses

A

Polysynaptic reflex

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10
Q

Reflexes that involve stimulation of skeletal muscles by somatic division of the nervous system

(Ex: moving your hand from a hot pot)

A

Somatic reflexes

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11
Q

3 types of somatic reflexes

A
  1. Stretch reflex
  2. Crossed-extensor reflex
  3. Superficial cord reflex
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12
Q

Important postural reflexes to maintain posture, balance, and movement

A

Stretch reflex

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13
Q

A stretch reflex is initiated by tapping a ____ which stretches the ____ to which it’s attached.

A
  1. Tendon

2. Muscle

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14
Q

Stretch reflexes are absent in ____ ____ and ____.

A
  1. Deep sedation

2. Coma

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15
Q

2 types of stretch reflexes

A
  1. Patellar reflex

2. Achilles reflex

16
Q

Consists of a flexor, or withdrawal, reflex followed by extension of the opposite limb

(Ex: when you flex one leg and the other leg extends and becomes firm while standing)

A

Crossed-extensor reflex

17
Q

Reflexes that result from pain and temperature changes

A

Superficial cord reflexes

18
Q

3 types of superficial cord reflexes

A
  1. Abdominal
  2. Cremaster
  3. Plantar
19
Q

Superficial cord reflexes are initiated by stimulation of receptors in the ____ and ____.

A
  1. Skin

2. Mucosae

20
Q

Superficial cord reflexes depend both on these 2 things

A
  1. Functional upper-motor pathways

2. Cord-level reflex arc

21
Q

Tested by looking for Babinski’s sign by stimulation of the foot

A

Plantar reflex

22
Q

2 types of cranial nerve reflex tests

A
  1. Corneal reflex

2. Gag reflex

23
Q

A reflex tested by using a cotton tip applicator and touching the cornea with it to notice blinking

A

Corneal reflex

24
Q

The corneal reflex is done through the ____ nerve, also known as cranial nerve ____.

A
  1. Trigeminal

2. V

25
Q

The absence of the corneal reflex correlates to ____ ____ damage due to ____ ____ or ____.

A
  1. Brain stem
  2. Brain compression
  3. Trauma
26
Q

In this reflex, when the uvula is stroked, each side of the mucosa should rise equally

A

Gag reflex

27
Q

The gag reflex tests cranial nerves ____ and ____.

A
  1. IX

2. X

28
Q

Reflexes that occur through the ANS; we are not usually aware of them

A

Autonomic reflexes

29
Q

3 parts of the body that autonomic reflexes activate

A
  1. Smooth muscles
  2. Cardiac muscle
  3. Glands of the body
30
Q

Autonomic reflexes also help with regulating ____ ____.

A

Body functions

32
Q

A reflex that allows the iris to constrict when light is shined into the eye

A

Pupillary reflex

33
Q

Pupillary reflexes involve these cranial nerves

A

II and III

34
Q

In a pupillary reflex, if you shine a light into one eye, the other eye also constricts. This is called a ____ ____.

A

Contralateral response

35
Q

A reflex which involves gently stroking or pinching the skin (or just the hairs) on the left side of the back of the subject’s neck close to the hairline

A

Ciliospinal reflex

36
Q

In a ciliospinal reflex, you should see ____ ____ on the ____ eye. This is due to a ____ nervous system stimulation.

A
  1. Pupillary dilation
  2. Left
  3. Sympathetic
39
Q

2 types of autonomic reflexes

A
  1. Pupillary reflex

2. Ciliospinal reflex

Biology 225 Lab (7 decks)

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