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Biology 225 Lab > Exercise 17: Gross Anatomy Of The Brain And Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Exercise 17: Gross Anatomy Of The Brain And Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

By 4th developmental week, the top/front end of the neural tube expands, constricts, and divides itself into the ___, ___, and ___.

A

Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

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1
Q

An embryonic structure where the CNS is created

A

Neural tube

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2
Q

The lower segment of the neural tube becomes the ___ ___.

A

Spinal cord

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3
Q

The central canal of the neural tube enlarges in 4 regions of the
brain making chambers called ___.

A

Ventricles

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4
Q

The 4 ventricles of the brain

A

Two lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle

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5
Q

this will grow in the fetal skull and keep the other structures in place

A

Forebrain

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6
Q

Two front outpocketings from the forebrain develop into ___.

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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7
Q

In fetal development, the ___ ___ enlarges to produce the cerebellum.

A

Dorsal hindbrain

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8
Q

Responsible for coordination, balance, and equilibrium of skeletal movements

A

Cerebellum

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9
Q

In the cerebellum, the ___ is made of gray matter, and the ___ is white matter.

A
  1. Cortex

2. Medulla

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10
Q

Medulla (“tree of life”) is also called ___.

A

Arbor vitae

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11
Q

The dorsal hindbrain is composed of 2 ___ ___.

A

Lateral hemispheres

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12
Q

A half of the brain

A

Hemisphere

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13
Q

Hemisphere responsible for artistic and creative thoughts

A

Right hemisphere

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14
Q

Hemisphere responsible for language skills and speech

A

Left hemisphere

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15
Q

an area in which unfamiliar words are sounded out

A

Wernicke’s area

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16
Q

The Wernicke’s area is located in the ___ hemisphere only.

A

Left

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17
Q

A ridge of the brain

A

Gyrus (plural: gyri)

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18
Q

Shallow groove of the brain

A

Sulcus (plural- sulci)

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19
Q

Deep groove of the brain (also called deep sulcus)

A

Fissure

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20
Q

Divides the cerebral hemispheres

A

Longitudinal fissure

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21
Q

Divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe

A

Central sulcus

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22
Q

Separates the temporal lobe from parietal lobe

A

Lateral sulcus

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23
Q

A shallow groove on the sides of each hemisphere that divides the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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24
Q

5 lobes of the brain

A
  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Occipital lobe
  3. Parietal lobe
  4. Temporal lobe
  5. Insula (hidden)
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25
Q

3 functional areas in the frontal lobe

A
  1. Primary motor area
  2. Broca’s area
  3. Prefrontal cortex
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26
Q

Functional area that literally makes you control your movements (skeletal muscle)

A

Primary motor area

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27
Q

The primary motor area is located in the ___ ___ of the frontal lobe.

A

Precentral gyrus

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28
Q

Functional area also known as the motor speech area of the brain; if damaged, you cannot articulate words

A

Broca’s area

29
Q

Functional area responsible for intellect, complex reasoning, and personality

A

Prefrontal cortex

30
Q

Functional area in the occipital lobe responsible for vision

A

Visual area

31
Q

2 functional areas in the parietal lobe

A
  1. Primary somatosensory cortex

2. Somatosensory association area

32
Q

Functional area that picks up body senses such as pressure, pain, and temperature; ex: “This information is coming from my foot.”

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

33
Q

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the ___ ___ of the parietal lobe.

A

Postcentral gyrus

34
Q

Functional area that analyzes the meaning of the message or stimuli; makes you aware of pain, coldness, and a light touch; ex: “Ouch! I have a pain there!”

A

Somatosensory association area

35
Q

2 functional areas in the temporal lobe

A
  1. Olfactory area

2. Auditory association area & primary auditory cortex

36
Q

Functional area dealing with smell

A

Olfactory area

37
Q

Functional area responsible for sound/hearing analysis

A

Auditory association area & primary auditory complex

38
Q

“Hidden lobe”; the fifth lobe in each hemisphere that is covered by the other lobes

A

Insula

39
Q

Band of nervous tissue connecting the cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

40
Q

Outermost gray matter of cerebrum

A

Cerebral cortex

41
Q

Found deep to the cerebral cortex; composed of fiber tracts carrying impulses to or from the cortex

A

Cerebral white matter

42
Q

Cluster of neuron cell bodies (islands of gray matter) in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres

A

Nuclei

43
Q

Important in regulating voluntary motor activities

A

Basal ganglia (aka basal nuclei)

44
Q

Basal ganglia examples include the ___ ___ and ___ ___ (sometimes collectively called the ___ ___).

A
  1. Caudate nucleus
  2. Lentiform nucleus
  3. Corpus striatum
45
Q

Synapse point of cranial nerve I

A

Olfactory bulbs

46
Q

Cranial nerve II

A

Optic nerves

47
Q

Where the fibers of the optic nerves partially cross over

A

Optic chiasma

48
Q

Part of the diencephalon responsible for relaying sensory information and acting as a center for pain perception

A

Thalamus

49
Q

Part of the diencephalon responsible for regulating homeostasis

A

Hypothalamus

50
Q

The hypothalamus links the ___ system and ___ system.

A
  1. Nervous

2. Endocrine

51
Q

In the diencephalon, an endocrine gland responsible for bringing about hormonal changes to the body

A

Pituitary gland

52
Q

The pituitary gland hangs below the ___ by a stalk called the ___.

A
  1. Hypothalamus

2. Infundibulum

53
Q

Part of the diencephalon that secretes melatonin, which helps with regular sleep cycles

A

Pineal gland

54
Q

In the diencephalon, knotlike collections of capillaries within each ventricle that form CSF

A

Choroid plexus

55
Q

Forms a watery cushion that protects the delicate brain against blows to the head; similar to plasma

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

56
Q

The brainstem contains the ___ and the ___ ___

A
  1. Midbrain

2. Fourth ventricle

57
Q

Means “bridge”; in the brainstem, consists of motor and sensory fiber tracts connecting the brain with lower CNS centers

A

Pons

58
Q

Lowest brainstem region; composed of fiber tracts; houses many vital autonomic centers involved in the control of heart rate, respiratory rhythm, and blood pressure and involuntary centers involved in vomiting and swallowing.

A

Medulla oblongata

59
Q

In the brainstem, a slender canal traveling through the midbrain

A

Cerebral aqueduct

60
Q

Protective tissue coverings of the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges (singular: meninx)

61
Q

The 3 meninges

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia mater
62
Q

Outermost meninx; double-layered membrane

A

Dura mater

63
Q

3 parts of the dura mater

A
  1. Periosteal layer
  2. Dural sinus
  3. Meningeal layer
64
Q

Weblike middle meninx

A

Arachnoid mater

65
Q

Separates arachnoid mater from dura mater

A

Subdural space

66
Q

Separates arachnoid mater from pia mater

A

Subarachnoid space

67
Q

The subarachnoid space is filled with ___ ___.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

68
Q

Protrude through dura mater to allow the cerebrospinal fluid to drain back into venous circulation

A

Arachnoid villi

69
Q

Innermost meninx; delicate layer; highly vascular and clings to the surface of the brain

A

Pia mater

Biology 225 Lab (7 decks)

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