Final part 5

Question 1

You analyze a slide with animal cells in meiotic stages under a light microscope. What would you look for if you wanted to identify Anaphase II cells on the slide?

Answer 1

Separated sister chromatids at each pole of the cell

Question 2

New combinations of linked genes are due to what?

Answer 2

crossing over

Question 3

If you started out with one parental cell that had 16 chromosomes and a while later you viewed that you now had two cells, each with only 8 replicated chromosomes randomly distributed, you would likely conclude that this cell was in what phase?

Answer 3

telophase 1

Question 4

skin color is a trait with four genes and two alleles of each (light or dark allele). Skin color depends on the number of dark or light alleles a person has and so shows a lot of variation. We call this type of trait what?

Answer 4

continuous

Question 5

One gene controls skin color in a specific alien race. There are two expressions of this gene, either red skin or blue skin. All of the offspring of a cross between an alien with red skin and an alien with blue skin have purple skin. This result most likely indicates which of the following patterns of inheritance?

Answer 5

incomplete dominance

Question 6

If a calico cat (female) mates with a black male cat, what are the possible phenotypes of the female offspring?

Answer 6

50% calico and 50% black

Question 7

How would one explain a test-cross involving F1 dihybrid flies in which more parental-type offspring than recombinant-type offspring are produced?

Answer 7

two genes are linked

Question 8

When red flowers are crossed with white flowers, the F1 generation results in flowers that have red and white splotches. This is most likely due to:

Answer 8

codominance

Question 9

A dihybrid cross between a plant with long, smooth leaves and a plant with short, rough leaves produced an F1 generation with all long, smooth leaves, which are 100% heterozygous for both traits. Smooth is dominant over rough and long is dominant over short. This means that the parental genotypes were?

Answer 9

LLSS x llss

Question 10

what are autosomes?

Answer 10

all of the chromosomes other than sex chromosomes

Question 11

What are events that can lead to genetic variation?

Answer 11

independent assortment of chromosomes and crossing over

Question 12

An organism has 12 chromosomes in its diploid state. How many “types” of chromosomes does it have, and how many chromosomes do its gametes have?

Answer 12

6 types of chromosomes and 6 chromosomes

Question 13

When does DNA replication happen?

Answer 13

the S phase of the cell cycle

Question 14

What is the protein that allows tetrads to form known as?

Answer 14

synaptonemal complex

Question 15

What is a karyotype?

Answer 15

a display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized by size and shape

Question 16

Suppose a father of blood type A and a mother of blood type B have a child of type O. What blood types are possible in their subsequent children?

Answer 16

A, AB, B, O

Question 17

When a nerve impulse travels from node to node, we call this?

Answer 17

saltatory conduction

Question 18

When a neurotransmitter is secreted into a synaptic cleft from the presynaptic membrane, it has the following effect:

Answer 18

binds with a membrane protein at the postsynaptic membrane AND may cause sodium channels to open at the postsynaptic membrane

Question 19

Which of the following structures pick up information from the surrounding environment and from nearby neurons?

Answer 19

Dendrites

Question 20

The juncture at which information is exchanged between a presynaptic and a postsynaptic neuron is called the:

Answer 20

Synapse

Question 21

The point at which an action potential is first initiated?

Answer 21

Axon hillock

Question 22

Which of the following is a function of Schwann cells?

Answer 22

provide myelination for the axon

Question 23

When an action potential reaches the terminal end (terminal branches), what occurs?

Answer 23

Calcium channels open AND neurotransmitter vesicles fuse with the PREsynaptic membrane AND exocytosis of neurotransmitter occurs AND calcium enters the presynaptic cell

Question 24

What applies with respect to motor neurons?

Answer 24

form part of the peripheral nervous system AND receive information from the central nervous system AND transmit information to glands, muscles, and other structures to cause a response AND can form synapses with other motor neurons or with muscle tissue

Question 25

What is the purpose of the sodium inactivation gates?

Answer 25

rendering the sodium channels unresponsive to stimuli AND prevent the signal from traveling backwards AND prevent another depolarization on a previously depolarized segment of the cell