Final part 2

Question 1

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 1

structural support, transport, cellular signaling, enzymatic action

Question 2

What methods may channel proteins be activated?

Answer 2

ligand/signal molecule, regulatory protein/peripheral protein, voltage change or change in electrochemical gradient, sound waves

Question 3

What applies to cholesterol

Answer 3

maintains the integrity of cell membranes by buffering the effects of temperature fluctuations AND is a precursor for the synthesis of steroids

Question 4

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane to balance solute concentrations is called ________

Answer 4

OSMOSIS

Question 5

Cellular respiration is comprised of a series of reactions that break down molecules from complex to simple. Energetically, this reaction is considered __________________________, and metabolically, we call it __________________________.

Answer 5

EXERGONIC and CATABOLIC

Question 6

The _________________________ consists of all of the internal contents of a cell—the organelles and the fluid material.

Answer 6

CYTOPLASM

Question 7

Pinocytosis is the process by which ______________________ enters a cell

Answer 7

FLUID

Question 8

The sum total of all reactions that occur within a cell is referred to as _________

Answer 8

METABOLISM

Question 9

ATP can be made by _________________________ and _______________________

Answer 9

substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phoshorylation

Question 10

The initial energy source for making ATP comes from ______________

Answer 10

breakdown of food

Question 11

to liberate a phosphate group from ATP for the purpose of carrying out cellular work, which reaction takes place?

Answer 11

hydrolysis

Question 12

three types of cellular work are:

Answer 12

chemical, mechanical, transport

Question 13

What is the purpose of the sodium-potassium pump?

Answer 13

the pump is for returning the cell to either rest or repolarizing
at rest, the cell is negative inside with respect to the outside and there is more K+ inside than outside (more Na+ outside than inside)
it is an active process therefore it needs ATP
ATP then changes the shape of the protein pump and allows Na+ to bind in E1 and K+ in E2
3 Na+ are pumped out and 2 K+ are pumped in

Question 14

What is used for intracellular digestion by hydrolytic action mostly in animal cells?

Answer 14

lysosome

Question 15

What takes in water in a plant cell and builds turgor pressure?

Answer 15

vacuole

Question 16

This is where microtubules are produced for the purpose of providing microtubules during cell division

Answer 16

centrosome

Question 17

the sites of protein synthesis and are comprised of two parts, a large subunit and a small subunit

Answer 17

ribosomes

Question 18

composed of a primary layer for flexibility and a secondary layer for structure through a matrix of proteins and other polysaccharides that provides a rigid shape, structure, protection and support

Answer 18

cell wall

Question 19

glues adjacent plant cells together with sticky polysaccharides

Answer 19

middle lamella