Final Neuro - Olfactory and Visual Systems Flashcards
What cells are use to detect odors
cell bodies of the primary afferent neurons; neuroepithelium
How can the olfactory nerve be damaged following head trauma
the nerve passes through the cirbiform place, if the brain shifts then it could cut the fibers there
Fibers of which neurons make up the olfactory nerve
bipolar primary afferent neurons (SSA)
Fibers of which distinctly shaped neuron make up the olfactory tract
mitral cells
What structures make up the primary olfactory cortex
piriform cortex
posterior orbitofrontal cortex via mediodorsal nucleus (MD) of the thalamus
What are the specific areas of the piriform cortex that are involved with the primary olfactory cortex
uncus
periamygdaloid cortex
anterior entorhinal cortex
What effect does the pupil have on images as they pass through it
it inverts the images
This field is what the patient is seeing
visual field
This field is the region of the retina onto which the image is projected
retinal field
These regions provide the best color and detail of an image
fovea centralis
macula lutea; cones
These regions provide the best detection of movement and light intensity (black and white)
peripheral retina
rods
What is the region of the retina in which we are blind
optic disc; point of exit of ganglion cell axons
Which retinal neuron gives rise to fibers to the optic nerve
ganglion cells
What are the three structure in which the primary visual fibers terminate
amygdala
lateral geniculate body
visual cortex (occipital lobe); primary, secondary, and tertiary
What do the fibers that terminate in the amygdala carry
emotionally significant images
What do the fibers that terminate in the lateral geniculate body carry
visual information
What do the fibers that terminate in the primary, secondary, and tertiary cortices carry
primary; enchantment of edges
secondary/tertiary; color and stereopsis
What is retinoptic organization
point in the field of vision can be traced to an area of the visual cortex
Where is the middle temporal (MT) and medial superior temporal (MST) visual areas located
border zone between occipital and temporal/parietal cortex
What is the function of the middle temporal (MT) visual area
movement
direction
velocity
What is the function of the medial superior temporal (MST) visual area
perceived motion of stationary targets as observer moves
Where is the fusiform face area (FFC) located
fusiform gyrus; inferior occipital-temporal cortex
predominately right sided
What is the function of the fusiform face area (FFC)
recognition of faces; human and animal
What would the effect of a lesion be it on the optic nerve
unilateral blindness
What would the effect of a lesion be it on the optic chiasm
bitemporal hemianopsia (loss of peripheral vision of both eyes) or nasal hemianopsia (loss of inner (nasal) vision from 1 eye)
What would the effect of a lesion be it on the optic tract
homonymous hemianopsia; loss of the left side of each eye or the right side of each eye
What would the effect of a lesion be it on the geniculocalcarine tract
homonymous hemianopia; if both sides of the tract are affects; is not, then its quadrant based
What would the effect(s) of a lesion be it on the primary visual cortex
blindsight; can still recognize objects using vision
Anton symdrome; denial of blindness
What would the effect of a lesion be it on the fuciform face area
prosopangnosia; impaired ability to recognize people based upon image of their face
These cells are parvocellualr cells are help identify “what” an object is; in association with cones
midget cells
These cells are magnocellular cells and help to locate “where” an object is; in associated with rods
parasol cells
This is the inability to recognize objects based upon vision, but know what the object is used for due to loss involving secondary and tertiary visual cortex
visual agnosia
This is blind due to loss of primary visual cortex, although the patient denies their blindness
anton syndrome
This involves visual hallucinations late in the day, amusing or disturbing but not emotional, due to age and reduced vision
Charles Bonnet syndrome
This is the impaired ability to recognize people based on an image of a face, resulting from a lesion to the FFA on right side
prosopagnosia
