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SP14 Anatomy > EX2 Diaphragm, Kidney, and Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

EX2 Diaphragm, Kidney, and Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

This principal muscle of respiration is dome shaped and separates thoraces and abdominal cavities

A

diaphragm

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2
Q

This nerve supplies right and left hemidiaphragms of the diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve

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3
Q

These nerves supplies lateral borders of the diaphragm and some sensory to the diaphragm

A

intercostal nerves

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4
Q

The cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis) sends what type of branches to where

A

motor branches to infrahyoid strap muscles

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5
Q

What does the phrenic nerve specifically supply

A

entire motor component

30% sensory fibers

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6
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve originate

A

C3-C5 spinal segments

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7
Q

Paralysis of the cervical spinal cord results in what regarding the diaphragm

A

paralysis of diaphragmatic respiration

hemidiaphragm cannot contract (descend); remaining high in the thorax

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8
Q

What type of landmarks are found in the diaphragm and at what vertebral level

A

vena cava foramen - T8
esophageal hiatus - T10
aortic hiatus - T12

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9
Q

This ligament arches over aorta

A

1 median arcuate ligament

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10
Q

These ligaments arch over psoas muscle

A

2 medial arcuate ligaments

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11
Q

These ligaments arch over quadrates lumborum muscles

A

2 lateral arcuate ligaments

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12
Q

These arteries supply superior surface of the diaphragm

A

pericardiocophrenic
superior phrenic
(via internal thoracic and thoracic aorta)

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13
Q

This artery supplies the periphery of the diaphragm

A 
musculophrenic artery
(via internal thoracic)
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14
Q

This artery supplies the inferior surface of the diaphragm

A

inferior phrenic artery

via abdominal aorta

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15
Q

The venous drainage of the diaphragm drains to which major vein

A

inferior vena cava (IVC)

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16
Q

The kidneys are located lateral to the vertebral column at what vertebral level

A

T12-L3

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17
Q

Which kidney is typically more superior

A

left side, due to liver being on the right
left superior pole ~ 11th rib
right superior pol ~ 12th rib

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18
Q

What encapsulates the kidneys

A

peri-renal fat and renal fascia

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19
Q

This nerve supplies the right and left hemidiaphragms of the kidneys

A

phrenic nerve

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20
Q

These nerves supplies the lateral borders and some sensory to the kidney

A

intercostal nerves

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21
Q

The kidneys ascend from where during development

A

the pelvis

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22
Q

ectopic pelvic kidneys remain where

A

anterior to sacrum

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23
Q

horseshoe kidneys are where

A

below IMA

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24
Q

transplanted kidneys are where

A

placed lower in abdomen

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25
Q

What are the layers of the kidneys

A

fibrous capsule - outer later
renal cortex - outer 1/3
renal medulla - inner 2/3

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26
Q

The renal medulla contains what structures

A

rental pyramids

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27
Q

Where does the flow of urine begin and descend to

A 
renal papillae (tips of pyramids)
minor calyces
major calyces
renal plevis
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra
28
Q

Which renal artery is longer, right or left?

A

right, passing posterior to IVC

29
Q

Where do the renal arteries divide and into what

A 
each divides at hilum into 5 segmental arteries
END ARTERIES (no collateral circulation)
30
Q

Which renal vein is longer, right or left?

A

left, passing anterior to the arteries/aorta

31
Q

Which is more anterior, renal artery or vein

A

vein

32
Q

The ureters cross which muscle to enter the bladder

A

psoas major muscle

33
Q

The ureters run in which orientation to the gonadal vessels and anterior to which artery

A

obliquely posterior

external iliac artery

34
Q

True or False

A bifid renal pelvis and ureters are fairly common

A

True

35
Q

You can occasionally find what type of ureters

A

retrocaval; behind the IVC, can compress ureters compromising the drainage causing kidney stones

36
Q

The ureter arteries arise from which three sources

A

renal artery
testicular or ovarian artery
abdominal aorta
*veins drain into similar named veins

37
Q

What are some ways in which a kidney stone can be removed

A

larger than 1cm = surgically
may be ultrasonically crushed = lithotripsy
spontaneously pass through ureter

38
Q

Pain from a kidney stone is associated with what

A

waves of contraction forcing the stone though ureter
gradually moves inferoanteriorly toward groin; from side and back between ribs to pelvis to inguinal
areas of cutaneous innervation T11-12

39
Q

This is a roughly triangular gland lying superior to kidney and posterior to IVC

A

right adrenal gland

40
Q

This is a semilunar gland typing superomedial to kidney near hilum

A

left adrenal gland

41
Q

What does the adrenal cortex produce

A

adrenal steroids

42
Q

What does the adrenal medulla do

A

acts as a sympathetic ganglion; receives preganglionic fibers that synapse directly

43
Q

True or False

The adrenal gland is richly vascularized

A

True; due to endocrine function

44
Q

The suprarenal artery has 3 sources, what are they

A

superior suprarenal artery (6-8)
middle suprarenal artery (1+)
inferior suprarenal artery (1+)

45
Q

The superior suprarenal artery is derived from

A

inferior phrenic artery

46
Q

The middle suprarenal artery is derived from

A

abdominal aorta

47
Q

The inferior suprarenal artery is derived from

A

renal artery

48
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A 
transversus abdominus
quadratus lumborum
psoas major
iliacus
psoas minor
diaphragm
49
Q

What is the main arterial supply to the posterior wall

A

lumbar artery; 4 pairs

branches of abdominal aorta

50
Q

The aorta bifurcates where

A

L4

level of umbilicus (T10)

51
Q

What are the main nerves of the posterior wall

A 
ventral rami (T12-L4)
lumbar plexus
located beneath fascia of posterior abdominal muscles
52
Q

The sympathetic trunks are located where in relationship to the posterior abdominal wall

A

beneath fascia of posterior abdominal mucles

continuous with thoracic portion

53
Q

This nerve supplies sensory to anterior/lateral abdominal wall

A

subcostal nerve (T12)

54
Q

This nerve supplies motor to abdominal muscles; EO, IO, TA, pyramidalis, RA, and QL

A

subcostal nerve (T12)

55
Q

These nerves can arise from common trunk, descends anterior to QL

A 
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal nerves (L1)
56
Q

This nerve supplies skin of suprapubic region and abdominal muscles

A

iliohypogastric nerve

57
Q

This nerve runs through inguinal canal to supply it and abdominal muscles

A

ilioinguinal nerve

58
Q

This nerve pierces psoas major muscle and descends along anterior surface, and splits to femoral branch and genital branch

A

genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2)

59
Q

This nerve supplies skin inferior and medial to inguinal ligament and cremaster muscle (spermatic cord)

A

genitofemoral nerve

60
Q

This nerve descends anterior to iliacus muscle and passes deep to inguinal ring, inferior to ASIS

A

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2-L3)

61
Q

This nerve supplies anterior/lateral skin of thigh

A

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2-L3)

62
Q

This nerve runs between iliac us and psoas major muscles, passes deep to inguinal ligament and inferior to ASIS

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

63
Q

This nerve supplies sensory and motor to anterior thigh

A

femoral nerve

64
Q

This nerve runs medial to psoas major and passes through obturator foramen

A

obturator nerve (L2-L4)

65
Q

This nerve supplies sensory and motor to medial thigh

A

obturator nerve

66
Q

This nerve has a large nerve trunk crosses over ala of sacrum and descends into pelvis to help form sacral plexus

A

lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5)

67
Q

This nerve provides general contributions to both plexuses

A

lumbosacral trunk

SP14 Anatomy (39 decks)

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