Final Neuro - Cortical and Cerebral Localization Flashcards
What is the neuron that is unique to the cerebral cortex
pyramidal cell; excitatory
How many layers are found in the archicortex
3 cell layers
How many layers are found in the neocortex
6 cell layers
What are the four primary cortical area
visual
somesthetic
auditory
motor
What is the function of the occipital lobe and what would the result be if there were a lesion
vision center
lesion = prosopagnosia and visual agnosia
What is the function of the superior parietal lobule and what would be the result if there were a lesion
touch and vision to direct eye and arm movement
lesion = tactile agnosia; loss of the ability to recognize objects based upon touch
What is the function of the inferior parietal lobule and what would the result be if there were a lesion
learned motor behaviors (like tying a shoe)
lesion = apraxia; inability to carry out motor action
gerstmann’s syndrome; inability to name finers, difficulty in reading and righting, left/right confusion
sensory hemineglect syndrome; unawareness of one side of body
What is the function of the dorsolateral temporal lobe and what would the result be if there were a lesion
primary auditory cortex; speech, music, and memory
lesion = speech; alphanumeric processing
schizophrenia
What is the function of the posterior superior temporal gyrus and what would result if there were a lesion
Wernicke’s area, speech and language
lesion = receptive aphasia; free flowing speech with no content
What is the function of the inferior temporal gyrus and medial temporal lobe and what would a lesion result in
inferior temporal gyri; “what” detail and color
medial temporal lobe; memory
lesion = amnesia
What is the function of the frontal lobe and what would the result be if there were a lesion
motor movements
lesion = contralateral paralysis of leg
akinesis (loss to initiate motor)
mutism (loss to initiate speech)
This is the inability to identify/describe objects exclusively by touch
tactile agnosia
This is the loss of ability to direct hand movements
optic ataxia
This is the inability to carry out a learned motor act
apraxia
This is finger agnosia, difficultly reading/writing, left and right confusion
Gerstmann’s syndrome
This is the inability to name faces
prosopagnosia
This is the loss of memory
amnesia
This is free-flowing speech of repeated sounds instead of words
Wernicke’s receptive aphasia
These are lesions of motor areas
contralateral paralysis
This is the inability to create voluntary muscle movement
akinesis
This is the inability to speak
mutism
This is jerky halting speech with content, but can’t remember which words to say
Broca’s expressive aphasia
