Final Neuro - Cortical and Cerebral Localization

Question 1

What is the neuron that is unique to the cerebral cortex

Answer 1

pyramidal cell; excitatory

Question 2

How many layers are found in the archicortex

Answer 2

3 cell layers

Question 3

How many layers are found in the neocortex

Answer 3

6 cell layers

Question 4

What are the four primary cortical area

Answer 4

visual
somesthetic
auditory
motor

Question 5

What is the function of the occipital lobe and what would the result be if there were a lesion

Answer 5

vision center

lesion = prosopagnosia and visual agnosia

Question 6

What is the function of the superior parietal lobule and what would be the result if there were a lesion

Answer 6

touch and vision to direct eye and arm movement

lesion = tactile agnosia; loss of the ability to recognize objects based upon touch

Question 7

What is the function of the inferior parietal lobule and what would the result be if there were a lesion

Answer 7

learned motor behaviors (like tying a shoe)
lesion = apraxia; inability to carry out motor action
gerstmann’s syndrome; inability to name finers, difficulty in reading and righting, left/right confusion
sensory hemineglect syndrome; unawareness of one side of body

Question 8

What is the function of the dorsolateral temporal lobe and what would the result be if there were a lesion

Answer 8

primary auditory cortex; speech, music, and memory
lesion = speech; alphanumeric processing
schizophrenia

Question 9

What is the function of the posterior superior temporal gyrus and what would result if there were a lesion

Answer 9

Wernicke’s area, speech and language

lesion = receptive aphasia; free flowing speech with no content

Question 10

What is the function of the inferior temporal gyrus and medial temporal lobe and what would a lesion result in

Answer 10

inferior temporal gyri; “what” detail and color
medial temporal lobe; memory
lesion = amnesia

Question 11

What is the function of the frontal lobe and what would the result be if there were a lesion

Answer 11

motor movements
lesion = contralateral paralysis of leg
akinesis (loss to initiate motor)
mutism (loss to initiate speech)

Question 12

This is the inability to identify/describe objects exclusively by touch

Answer 12

tactile agnosia

Question 13

This is the loss of ability to direct hand movements

Answer 13

optic ataxia

Question 14

This is the inability to carry out a learned motor act

Answer 14

apraxia

Question 15

This is finger agnosia, difficultly reading/writing, left and right confusion

Answer 15

Gerstmann’s syndrome

Question 16

This is the inability to name faces

Answer 16

prosopagnosia

Question 17

This is the loss of memory

Answer 17

amnesia

Question 18

This is free-flowing speech of repeated sounds instead of words

Answer 18

Wernicke’s receptive aphasia

Question 19

These are lesions of motor areas

Answer 19

contralateral paralysis

Question 20

This is the inability to create voluntary muscle movement

Answer 20

akinesis

Question 21

This is the inability to speak

Answer 21

mutism

Question 22

This is jerky halting speech with content, but can’t remember which words to say

Answer 22

Broca’s expressive aphasia