Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol163 > FINAL: General Reproduction > Flashcards

FINAL: General Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Is the reproductive system essential for life

A

No, it is the only body system that is not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does sexual reproduction require

A

The union of egg and sperm (specialized cells called gametes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are gametes

A

Sex cells
Sperm for males
Oocyte (egg) for females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are gametes produced by

A

Gonads
Female = ovary
Male = testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are chromosomes

A

Structures that organize DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have

A

23 pairs (46 individuals) in each cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Each chromosome pair consists of…

A

One chromosome from maternal lineage
One chromosome from paternal lineage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When cells in our body divide what happens to chromosomes

A

The 46 are maintained through mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Do gametes have chromosomes?

A

Yes, but they are unpaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is gametogenisis

A

The production of gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is meiosis

A

The division of sex cells (gametes), where the pairs of chromosomes are separated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to chromosomes in fertilization

A

Each chromosome pair is reestablished - the union of the sperm and egg (23 + 23 = 46)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is formed at the end of fertilization

A

A zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What occurs during the acrosomal reaction in a sperm cell

A
  • sperm releases enzymes from the acrosome to penetrate the outside layers of the egg
  • 50% of the sperm will release enzymes before reaching zona pellicuda ( it takes a lot of sperm for fertilization )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens during cortical reaction

A
  • this causes the prevention of fertilization by more than one sperm
  • causes remaining proteins in zonal pellicuda to crosslink and become impernetrable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the steps of fertilization

A

Acrosomal reaction -> cortical reaction -> results in fertilization membrane -> other sperm are rejected

17
Q

What is sex determined by

A

Chromosome pair #23 (individually called X or Y)
- after meiosis all eggs have one X chromosome while sperm have one y or one x
- after union of gametes, XX = female, XY = male

18
Q

When are you able to differentiate the sex of a fetus

A

During development, fetus does not start to differentiate until about 6 weeks
- cannot tell via ultrasound until about 16 weeks

19
Q

How do ovaries and testes develop in fetuses

A

They are both derived from same tissue, differentiates in the prescience of testosterone ( from Y chromosomes ) into the male structures

20
Q

What are primary sex organs

A

Gonads, those that produce gametes

21
Q

What are secondary sex organs

A

Other organs essential to reproduction
Help transport egg and sperm

22
Q

What are secondary sex characteristics

A

They are not essential for reproduction
Physical characteristics that differentiate the sexes and help with mate attractions
Maintained by sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone and testosterone)

23
Q

What structure is this

A

Acrosome (contains digestive enzymes)

24
Q

What structure is this

A

Nucleus (contains 23 chromosomes)

25
Q

What structure is this

A

Collar (containing many mitochondria)

26
Q

What structure is this

A

Flagellum (causes sperm to swim)

27
Q

What structure is this

A

Head

28
Q

What structure is this

A

Middle piece

29
Q

What structure is this

A

Tail

30
Q

What structure is this

A

Corona radiata

31
Q

What structure is this

A

Zona pellucida

32
Q

What structure is this

A

First polar body

33
Q

What structure is this

A

Egg cytoplasm

Biol163 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions