Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PD Bio 305 > Final Final Final Stuff > Flashcards

Final Final Final Stuff Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

spermatogenisis

A

forms 4 haploid sperm cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

oogenisis

A

haploid egg and polar bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fertilization step

A

egg is not accessible

sperm releases acrosome to dissolve top layer

sperm actin binds to egg and penetrates inside to cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

development is characterized by ______

A

coordinated change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

coordinated changes during development

A

change in size
change in biochemistry and physiology
change in form and functionality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

developmental periods

A

cleavage (fertilization)
Patterning (germ layers)
Differentiation (special tissue)
Fetal Growth (get big)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the cleavage phase

A

zygote to blastocyst

trophoblast forms outside and inner cell mass the inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the two layers of the trophoblast?

A

cytytrophoblast (inner)
Synciotrophoblast (outer)

together they form the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

gastrulation phase

A

formation of germ layers from primitive streakq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ectoderm

A

skin, cns, pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mesoderm

A

heart, muslce, kidney, rbc, smooth muscle, digestive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

endoderm

A

lungs, thyroid, pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

neurulation

A

notochord forms in mesoderm, tells ectoderm to form neural tube (CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

organogenisis

A

follows gastrulation and folding, limbs take shape

most systems have developed by week 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

fetal period (9-38 weeks)

A

growth. Premature birht before 38 weeks, can live 30 weeks without help and 22 can survive with it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

neural crest cells

A

surround the neural tube and become

neurons, ganglia, cartilage, bone, connective tissue, adrenal cells, neurons, glia, pigment cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DDT

A

male reproductive disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

male disorders

A

low sperm counts, testicular cancer, undescended testes, male breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hypospadius

A

urethra out the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

epispadius

A

urethra out the top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where can you find ribosomes?

A

rough ER, nucleus, free floating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

CFTR sequence has deleted Phe leading to mutation of chloride channel which causes chlorine to stay in the cell and mucous builds on the outside. Protection against cholera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

kinetic energy types

A

thermal, electromagnetic, electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

potential enrgy types

A

chemical, mechanical, nuclear, gravitational

25
Q

how and where does glycerol enter glycolysis?

A

as DHAP, forms 1 NADH before entering. Requires 1 ATP

26
Q

b oxidation occurs in the

A

mitochondrial matrix

27
Q

fascilitated diffusion

A

carrier mediated passive transport

28
Q

primary active transport

A

uses ATP to pump against gradient

29
Q

secondary active transport

A

couples the movement of an ion down its concentration gradient with the movement of another molecule against its concentration gradient

30
Q

characteristics of carrier mediated transport

A

specificity, saturation, competition

31
Q

glucose transporters 1-4

A

1: basal uptake and high affinity
2: low affinity, glucose sensing
3. Basal uputake and high affinity
4. Dynamic at the membrane

32
Q

Paracrine/ Autocrine signaling

A

communication with neighboring cells through increased concentration gradient of messenger

33
Q

juxtacrine signaling

A

non-secretion, cell to cell signaling

34
Q

VX gas

A

inhibits acetylcholinesterase

35
Q

cholera toxin

A

stim formation of cAMP which opens CL channels in intestine, activates nA pump. Leads to crazy diahrea.

36
Q

resting membrane potential, K, NA

A

-70, -96, +62

37
Q

lidocaine

A

blocks sodium voltage gated channels so action potentials can’t be generated

38
Q

absolute refractory period

A

dudring depolarization, can’t generate another action potential

39
Q

relative refractory period

A

repolarization and hyperoplarization, AP can be generated but only with a larger than normal stimulus

40
Q

contiguous conductino

A

unmylenated action potential propogation

41
Q

saltatory conduction

A

mylenated, channels concentrated at nodes

42
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

autoimmune attack of myelin, degeneration of axons. Tingling, numbness, balance and coordination probems

43
Q

threshold

A

-55 mv, NA close and K open at 30

44
Q

EPSP

A

excitatory post synaptic potentail (NA in, K out)

45
Q

IPSP

A

inhibitory post synaptic potential (K out)

46
Q

Temporal summation

A

adding epsps and ipsps from same presynaptic neuron at high frequency

47
Q

spatial summation

A

adding epsps and ipsps from 2 presynaptic neurons onto 1 post synaptic neuron

48
Q

precinaptic facilitaiton/inhibition

A

one presynapic neuron acts on another to release more or less neurotransmitter onto post synaptic neuron

49
Q

GPSP

A

combo of all e/ipsps on post synaptic neuron at the same time. WIll it fire?

50
Q

interneurons found in

A

CNS

51
Q

Astrocytes

A

most abundant glial cell, maintain structure and order of brain

surround cleft and gontaine glutamate transporters to remove it after exocytosis
provide neurons with nutrients, regulate bloodflow, form BBbarrier

52
Q

high synaptic GLU

A

damage to cytoskeleton, membrane, and dna. Happens with brain injury, hearing loss, alzheimer,s parkinsons, huntingtons

53
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

make myelin in CNS, up to 50 neurons

54
Q

schwann cells

A

make myelin in PNS, up to 1 neuron

55
Q

microglia

A

immune cells of CNS, phagocytosis

56
Q

ependymal cells

A

form epithelium, secrete CSF, contain cilia for CSF movement, stem cell qualities

57
Q

post concussion

A

low frontal lobe function

58
Q

meninges (inside out)

A

PAD

PD Bio 305 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions