#32

Question 1

How does the posterior pituitary glad recieve hormones to secrete?

Answer 1

cells in the hypothalamus make the hormones and it travels down a neuron until it reaches a capilary bed on the posterior pituitary. The axon terminals release the hormones into the capillaries of the posterior pituitary

Question 2

Effect of dehydration on urine volume

Answer 2

dehydration stimulates osmoreceptors in hypothalamus

ADH/ Vasopressin released from PP

Increased water reabsorption from urine

Vasopressin also causes vasoconstriction

Question 3

Vasopressin (ADH)

Answer 3

inhibited by activation of stretch receptors in the atria by increased blood volume

stimulated by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus by high blood osmolarity

Question 4

Oxytocin

Answer 4

released when: mechanoreceptors at areola/cervix are stimulated, infant crying

inhibited by: stress

Question 5

Oxytocin control of release and actions

Answer 5

Actions: stimulates contractions of the uterus during childbirth. Stimulates contractions of the alveoli and ducts of the mammary glands (milk ejection)

Question 6

anterior pituitary how do hormones enter the bloodstream

Answer 6

endocrine cells are adjacent to capillary beds, hormones diffuse in

Question 7

Hormones of the anterior pituitary

Answer 7

FLAT PEG

What does each one do and target?

Question 8

Growth hormone

Answer 8

synthesized by somatotroph cells of AP

inhibited by somatostatin

stimulated by GHRH

action: stimulate growht and maintainance of body tissues

Stimulates IGF release from liver which acts on epiphesyal plates

increases amino acid uptake into cells and protein synthesis

Question 9

How does GH promote growth?

Answer 9

GH acts on the liver, increases protein synthesis and cell growth. Liver produces IGF-1, which acts on epiphyseal plates and tell them to extend the bones

Question 10

Gh and glucose

Answer 10

increases gluconeogenisis, causes insulin resistance, decreased glucose uptake by muscle and fat. Stimulates lipolysis in adipocytes

levels increase during fasting!

Question 11

hyposecretion of GH

Answer 11

dwarfism (small weak muscle, increased fat)

Question 12

hypersecretion of GH prior to closure of growth plates

Answer 12

gigantism

Question 13

hypersecretion of GH after closure of growth plates

Answer 13

acromegaly

Question 14

does growth hormone aid skeletal muscle anabolism?

Answer 14

no, but it does burn fat!

Question 15

what connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

Answer 15

infundibulum

Question 16

What cells secrete oxytocin?

Answer 16

surpaoptic cells

Question 17

what cells secrete ADH?

Answer 17

paraventricular cells

Question 18

what special vessel connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary glands?

Answer 18

portal system (two ajoining capillary beds)

Question 19

Hypothalamus hormones - what do they stimulate the release of in the anterior pituitary? 
CRH
GnRH
PIH
Somatostatin
TRH
GHRH

Answer 19

CRH                      ACTH
GnRH                   FSH/LH
PIH                       XProlactin
Somatostatin       X GH
TRH                      TH
GHRR                    GH

Question 20

how is growht hormone inhibited?

Answer 20

negative feedback by IGF and GH on GHRH secretion in anterior pituitary