Final Exam Vocab 2

Question 1

Eastern Agricultural Complex

Answer 1

5000-4400 BP (Late Archaic) Had river valleys along tributaries of the Mississippi… starchy and oily seeds. Examples: Barley, Maygrass, and Knotweed.

Question 2

Monument

Answer 2

Size and permanence, commemoration or memorial; From Latin, “something that reminds”

Question 3

Lascaux Cave

Answer 3

Was discovered in 1940 by 4 kids and a dog. It was originally opened to the public but was then closed in 1963. A replica cave was opened up in 1983.

Question 4

Neolithic Demographic Transition

Answer 4

Revolution resulted in an increase in population; Farmers have more children than hunter-gatherers because fertility increases as birth spacing decreases, child labor is needed and valued.

Question 5

Cahokia

Answer 5

• Largest archaeological site in North America, occupied during Mississippian Period, around 120 mounds (example of complex chiefdom society).
• Largest man made structure in North America.
• 30,000 occupied
• Complex chiefdom
• Had inlying and outlying settlements, exported pottery

Question 6

Heritage

Answer 6

1. Something that is or may be inherited from a predecessor; an inheritance
2. Valued objects and qualities such as cultural traditions, and historic buildings that have been….

Something that is or may be inherited from a predecessor; an inheritance. Valued objects and qualities such as cultural traditions, and historic buildings that have been passed down from previous generations. Something possessed as a result of one’s natural situation (birthright, root of the word is heir).

Question 7

Neocolonialism

Answer 7

Economic control by powerful countries of less powerful countries.

Question 8

Iconoclasm

Answer 8

the action of attacking or assertively rejecting beliefs and institutions or established values and practices.

Question 9

Globalization

Answer 9

the spread and connectedness of production, distribution, consumption, and technologies across the world.

Question 10

Primatology

Answer 10

the biology, evolution, and behavior of nonhuman primates

Question 11

Diaspora

Answer 11

Offspring of an area who have spread to many lands.

Question 12

Mississippian people

Answer 12

a mound-building Native American group of people, flourishing in composed urban settlements and villages (the largest being Cahokia)

Question 13

Emic

Answer 13

An emic account is a description of a behavior or belief that comes from a person within a culture.

Question 14

Sex

Answer 14

the biological categories of female and male that are differentiated by genes, hormones, and reproductive organs

Question 15

Etic

Answer 15

an etic account is a description of a behavior or belief by an observer in terms that can be applied across cultures.

Question 16

Gender

Answer 16

social categories differentiated by psychological characteristics and role expectations

Question 17

Cultural Imperialism

Answer 17

the spread or advance of one culture at the expense of other cultures, which it modifies, replaces, or destroys–usually because of differential economic or political influence.

Question 18

Participant observation

Answer 18

Based on the idea that ethnographers need to pay attention to the small details about a society.
- Need to gain trust between ethnographer and the group they’re studying by living with a host family or group
- Observer shares in community activities
- Group needs to know exactly what you’re doing
- Ethical Clearances
· Work has to be approved by an ethical council

Question 19

Intersex

Answer 19

variation in sex characteristics that do not allow an individual to be distinctly identified as male or female

Question 20

Balanced reciprocity

Answer 20

there is an explicit expectation or (more or less) immediate return (i.e: groceries).

Question 21

Generalized reciprocity

Answer 21

gift giving without expectation of an immediate return.

Question 22

Negative reciprocity

Answer 22

the exchange of goods and services where each party intends to profit from the exchange, often at the expense of the other; can take place among strangers

Question 23

Bronislaw Malinowski

Answer 23

–

Question 24

Franz Boas

Answer 24

Is the father of anthropology. He advocated the “four field approach (cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and anthropological anthropology.) He also advocated using the scientific method to develop and test theories about human behavior.

Question 25

Ethnology

Answer 25

the branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationship between them

Question 26

Edward Tylor

Answer 26

• 19th century British anthropologist (armchair anthropologist)
• “Culture is that complex who,e which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by ,an as a member of society” (Tylor 1871)
(Culture is learned)

Famous for defining culture.

Question 27

Focal Vocabulary

Answer 27

sets of words that describe particular domains of experience that are especially important to culture.