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PNS -- Torgerud > Final Exam- Unit VIII-- Ears > Flashcards

Final Exam- Unit VIII-- Ears Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the ear embryologically develop from?

A

ectodermal thickening on later “head” called the placode

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2
Q

What is the ectodermal thickening on the lateral “head” that the ear develops from called?

A

placode

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3
Q

What will the placode do and what will it give rise to?

A

it invaginates–> gives rise to auditory pit, and then the auditory vesicle

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4
Q

What does the Auditory Vesicle give rise to most of?

A

the membranous inner ear

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5
Q

What are the auditory tube and tympanic cavity derived from?

A

first pharyngeal pouch

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6
Q

What is the malleus derived from?

A

the dorsal end of the ventral mandibular carilage

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7
Q

What is the incus derived from?

A

dorsal end of the first pharyngeal arch

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8
Q

What is the stapes derived from?

A

dorsal end of the second pharyngeal arch

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9
Q

What does the tympanic membrane develop from?

A

interstitial mesoderm

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10
Q

What does the external acoustic canal develop from?

A

first pharyngeal groove

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11
Q

What does the auricle develop from?

A

a groove next to the first pharyngeal groove

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12
Q

What three areas does the ear consists of?

A
  1. external portion
  2. middle portion
  3. inner portion
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13
Q

What two things does the external ear include?

A
  1. auricle

2. external acoustic meatus

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14
Q

What is another name for auricle? What does it serve to do?

A

pinna

a horn-like structure that serves to funnel sound waves into the external acoustic meatus

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15
Q

What is the auricle composed of?

A

cartilage

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16
Q

What are the landmarks of the Auricle?

A
  1. helix
  2. antihelix
  3. scaphoid fossa
  4. triangular fossa
  5. concha of the auricle
  6. tragus
  7. antitragus
  8. intertragic notch
  9. lobule
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17
Q

What are the three extrinsic muscles that position the auricle? Which is the smallest? Which is the largest?

A
  1. anterior auricular muscle–> smallest
  2. superior auricular muscle–> largest
  3. posterior auricular muscle

(if have “auricular” in name = extrinsic muscle)

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18
Q

Is the anterior auricular muscle an extrinsic or intrinsic muscle?

A

extrinsic muscle

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19
Q

Is the superior auricular muscle an extrinsic or intrinsic muscle?

A

extrinsic muscle

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20
Q

Is the posterior auricular muscle an extrinsic or intrinsic muscle?

A

extrinsic muscle

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21
Q

What are the 6 intrinsic muscle of the ear?

A
  1. helicis major
  2. helicis minor
  3. tragicus
  4. antitragicus
  5. transverse muscle of the auricle
  6. oblique muscle of the auricle
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22
Q

How long is the external acoustic meatus? What is it shaped like? What is the medial 2/3 within?

A

about 1 inch in length; “S” shaped; medial 2/3 is w/in temporal bone

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23
Q

What is the external acoustic meatus covered in? What type of glands does it contain and what do they produce?

A

covered by skin

contains Modified sweat glands that produce cerumen (ear wax) = ceruminous glands

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24
Q

Where does the external acoustic meatus terminate?

A

at the tympanic membrane

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25
Since the external acoustic canal is not straight (it is shaped like an "S") how is otoscopic examination made possible?
gently pulling out, down, and forward on the lobule
26
What three vessels provide the blood supply to the external ear? What are they branches of?
1. Posterior auricular branch of the external carotid artery 2. Anterior auricular branch of the superficial temporal artery 3. Auricular branch from the occipital artery
27
What types of nerve supply does the external ear receive?
1. Sensory 2. Motor 3. Sympathetic (no parasympathetic)
28
What is the sensory nerve supply to the external ear?
1. Auriculotemporal nerve of V3 2. Auricular branch of vagus 3. Great auricular nerve (C2 and C3-- cervical plexus)
29
What is the motor nerve supply to the external ear?
Temporal and Posterior auricular branches of the facial nerve (CN VII) -- (from parotid plexus)
30
Where does the external ear receive sympathetic supply from?
the superior cervical ganglion
31
What is the small space between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear?
Middle ear
32
What two parts does the middle ear consist of?
1. Tympanic cavity | 2. epitympanic recess (superior to tympanic cavity)
33
What three small bones are found in the inner ear and can you list them lateral to medial?
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
34
What two muscles are located in the tympanic cavity?
1. Stapedius | 2. Tensor Tympani
35
What are the 6 boundaries of the middle ear called?
1. Roof or tegmental wall 2. Floor or jugular wall 3. Lateral or membranous wall 4. Posterior or mastoid wall 5. Carotid wall 6. Labyrinthine or medial wall
36
What forms the Roof or Tegmental wall of the middle ear?
petrous part of the temporal bone
37
What forms the Floor or Jugular wall?
a thin layer of bone separating the cavity from the internal jugular vein
38
What opening does the Floor or Jugular wall contain and what is it for?
small opening for entrance of the Tympanic Branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
39
What part of the middle ear contains a small opening for the Tympanic Branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
the Floor or Jugular wall
40
What forms the Lateral or membranous wall of the middle ear?
almost entirely by the tympanic membrane; also a bony part adjacent to the epitympanic recess
41
What wall of the middle ear is incomplete?
the Posterior or Mastoid wall
42
What wall of the middle ear contains an opening between the tympanic cavity and the mastoid air cells and what is this opening called?
the Posterior or Mastoid wall, called the Aditus of the Mastoid Antrum
43
What openings does the Posterior or Mastoid wall of the middle ear contain?
(3) 1. Aditus of the Mastoid Antrum 2. Pyramidal eminence 3. Chorda Tympani entering
44
What is the opening called for the tendon of the stapedius muscle and what wall is it located in in the middle ear?
Pyramidal eminence on the Posterior or Mastoid wall
45
What wall of the middle ear contains the opening for the Chorda Tympani where it enters? What about where it exits?
enters--> Posterior or Mastoid wall extis--> Carotid Wall (more ant. wall)
46
What is the Aditus of the Mastoid Antrum an opening between and what wall of the middle ear contains it?
b/w tympanic cavity and mastoid air cells on the Posterior or Mastoid wall
47
What does the Carotid wall of the middle ear separate?
the tympanic cavity from the internal carotid artery
48
What openings does the Carotid wall contain?
3 openings for: 1. Pharyngotympatic tube 2. Tensor tympani passes 3. Chorda tympanic exiting
49
What wall of the middle ear contains the large opening for the Pharyngotympatic tube?
Carotid wall
50
What wall of the middle ear separates the tympanic cavity from the internal carotid artery?
Carotid wall
51
What wall of the middle ear contains the opening through which the tensor tympani passes?
Carotid wall
52
What wall of the middle ear is the boundary b/w the middle ear and the inner ear?
Labyrinthine or medial wall
53
What is the Labyrinthine or Medial Wall the boundary b/w? What landmarks are found on this wall?
the middle ear and the inner ear Landmarks: 1. Promontory 2. Oval window (where stapes is attached) 3. Round window 4. Prominence of the facial canal 5. Lateral semicircular canal
54
What is the impression made by the cochlea on the Medial/Labyrinthine wall called? What covers this?
the Promontory--> covered by Tympanic Plexus
55
What forms the Tympanic Plexus, which covers the promontory on the Medial/Labyrinthine wall?
Typmanic branch of CN IX and branches from internal carotid plexus
56
What does the Tympanic plexus supply?
mucus membranes of middle ear, mastoid area, and pharyngotympanic tube
57
What nerve travels right through the Tympanic plexus that is traveling to the otic ganglion? What type of fibers is it carrying?
lesser petrosal nerve (name change from the Tympanic nerve from CN IX) travels right through the Tympanic plexus and is carrying preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
58
Where does the stapes articulate with the cochlea?
oval window where it attaches on the Medial/Labyrinthine wall
59
What is an impression of bone formed by a canal conducting the facial nerve called and what wall of the middle ear is it on?
Prominence of the facial canal on the Medial/Labyrinthine wall
60
What wall of the middle ear do we find the lateral semicircular canal?
on the Medial/Labyrinthine wall forming a small impression
61
What three very small bones are located in the tympanic cavity? Which is largest? Which is most lateral?
``` Largest/most lateral "MIS" 1. Malleus 2. Incus 3. Stapes smallest/most medial ```
62
What is the largest of the three small bones in the tympanic cavity? What is it in contact with?
Malleus; in contact with the tympanic membrane
63
What of the three small bones in the tympanic cavity transmits vibration form the malleus to the stapes?
incus
64
What of the three small bones in the tympanic cavity has its base sitting against the oval window?
stapes
65
What is the blood supply to the middle ear and what are they branches off of?
1. Anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary artery | 2. Tympanic branch of the internal carotid artery
66
What type of nerve supply goes to the middle ear?
1. Sensory 2. Motor 3. Sympathetic (no parasympathetic)
67
What is the sensory nerve supply to the middle ear?
Tympanic Nerve of CN IX
68
What is the motor supply to the middle ear and what muscles do they supply?
1. Nerve to the Stapedius of the Facial Nerve (VII)--> supplying Stapedius muscle 2. Medial Pterygoid nerve of the mandibular division (V3) --> supplying Tensor Tympani muscle
69
What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the middle ear? What type of fibers does it carry? Where are they fibers from and how did they get there?
Caroticotympatnic nerves carrying: - vasomotor - secretomotor fibers --> from the superior cervical ganglion via the internal carotid plexus

PNS -- Torgerud (17 decks)

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