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PNS -- Torgerud > Exam 2: Unit IV: CN IX, X > Flashcards

Exam 2: Unit IV: CN IX, X Flashcards

1
Q

What type of fibers does the Glossopharyngeal Nerve carry?

A

(CN IX) –mixed

  • Motor
  • general/somatic Sensory
  • visceral sensory
  • special sensory
  • preganglionic parasympathetic
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2
Q

What type of sensory does CN IX carry?

A
  1. General sensory
  2. Special sensory–> taste
  3. Visceral sensory
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3
Q

What muscle(s) does the Glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

stylopharyngeus muscle

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4
Q

What is the nucleus of origin for the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?

A

superior part of the nucleus ambiguus (recall CN X and XI also get info from here)

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5
Q

Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the Glossopharyngeal nerve arise from?

A

inferior salivary nucleus

recall: sup. salivary nucleus had fibers go into CN VII

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6
Q

What are the nuclei of termination of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

solitary nucleus (recall: CN VII also had info go here)–> taste(sup.) and visceral sensory(inf.)

spinal nucleus of trigeminal–> pain and temp.

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7
Q

What are the peripheral ganglion associate with the Glossopharyngeal nerve? Which is smaller?

A
  • superior ganglion (smaller and usually thought of as a separated part of inf. ganglion)
  • inferior ganglion (petrosal ganglion)
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8
Q

What type of general sensory info does the Glossopharyngeal nerve carry?

A
  • nasopharynx, oropharynx
  • posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • uvula
  • palatine tonsils
  • tympanic cavity
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9
Q

Where are the cell bodies located that carry the general sensory info for the Glossopharyngeal nerve? Where do their axons go?

A

in the inferior ganglion (so does taste info); go to spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve (therefore carry pain and temp)

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10
Q

What taste information does the Glossopharyngeal nerve carry? Where are their cell bodies located? Where do they do synapse?

A

posterior 1/3 of tongue, posterior to sulcus terminalis; cell bodies in inferior ganglion; synapse in superior part of solitary nucleus

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11
Q

What nucleus does the taste information carried in CN IX synapse?

A

superior part of solitary nucleus (taste in CN VII also synapses in solitary nucleus)

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12
Q

The visceral afferent information carried in the Glossopharyngeal nerve will have cell bodies in what ganglion and will synapse in what nucleus? Where is the information coming from?

A

inferior ganglion

inferior part of the solitary nucleus

carotid sinus and carotid body

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13
Q

What is the nucleus of origin for the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A

Nucleus ambiguus (same for CN IX, X, XI)

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14
Q

Where does the tympanic plexus carry somatosensory information from?

A
  • tympanic cavity
  • pharyngotympanic tube
  • mastoid air cells
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15
Q

What type of neurons are carried from the nucleus ambiguus in CN IX? What muscle do they supply?

A

lower motor neurons; to stylopharngeus muscle

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16
Q

Describe the pathway of the parasympathetic fibers carried in the Glossopharyngeal nerve.

A

inferior salivary nucleus gives rise to preganglionic parasympathetic axons –> carried in CN IX –> synpase in otic ganglion–> give rise to postganglionic parasym. fibers –> supply parotid gland, buccal glands, and inferior labial glands

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17
Q

What does the parasympathetic pathway of the Glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A
  • parotid gland
  • buccal glands
  • inferior labial glands
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18
Q

What is the apparent origin of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

series of rootlets arise from the lateral, superior aspect of the medullar oblongata

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19
Q

Where does CN IX exit the skull?

A

Glossopharyngeal N. exits via the jugular foramen

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20
Q

Where is the superior ganglion ass. with CN IX located? Where is the inferior ganglion located?

A

sup. gang. –> inside the cranium

inf. gang. –> beyond the jugular foramen, outside of the cranium

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21
Q

How many branches does the Glossopharyngeal nerve have and what are they?

A

6 branches

  1. Tympanic nerve (S, parasym.)
  2. Carotid Branch (visceral S)
  3. Pharyngeal Branch (S)
  4. Muscular branch (M)
  5. Tonsillar Branch (S)
  6. Lingual Branch (S, and special S-taste)
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22
Q

Where does the tympanic nerve arise from (branch of CN IX) and what does it carry?

A

inferior ganglion; carries preganglionic parasym. fibers and sensory fibers

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23
Q

Where are the fibers carried through in the tympanic nerve (branch of CN IX) carried through?

A

tympanic canaliculus into the tympanic cavity

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24
Q

What does the tympanic nerve of CN IX receive once it is in the tympanic cavity? What is formed once this occurs?

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

forms tympanic plexus

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25
Q

What fibers are ending the tympanic plexus (ass. with tympanic n, branch of CN IX) and what fibers pass through it?

A

sensory and postganglionic symp. fibers end in this plexus

preganglionic parasympethetic fibers pass THROUGH it

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26
Q

What fibers are passing through the tympanic plexus? Once they do pass through what is there name changed to?

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried in Tympanic N (branch of CN IX); once pass through tympanic plexus they reform as “Lesser Petrosal Nerve”

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27
Q

The fibers leaving the tympanic plexus are called what? Where do they travel? (ass. with CN IX)

A

lesser petrosal nerve and travel through lesser petrosal canal to otic ganglion

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28
Q

How are the postganglionic parasymathetic fibers that arise from the otic ganglion carried?

A

carried in branches of CN V3 to the parotid, buccal, and inf. labial glands

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29
Q

What type of information does the carotid branch of CN IX carry? Where does this branch come from and where does it enter CN IX?

A

afferent info from chemoreceptors in carotid body and baroreceptors in carotid sinus

ascends from below and enters CN IX at inf. ganglion

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30
Q

What type of info does the pharyngeal branches of CN IX carry? What other branches do they combined with?

A

info from mucosa of pharynx (general sensory)

combines with some Vagal (CN X) branches –> to form pharyngeal plexus near middle pharyngeal plexus

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31
Q

What does the muscular branch of CN IX supply?

A

one muscle–> stylopharyngeus

recall, fibers arised from nucleus ambiguus

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32
Q

After the branches (Tympanic, Carotid, Pharyngeal, Muscular) of the Glossopharyngeal nerve connect to CN IX, where are the remaining two branches reaching?

A

oral cavity

  • Tonsillar Branch
  • Lingual Branch
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33
Q

What does the Tonsillar branch of CN IX carry?

A

general sensory info from palatine tonsils and oral mucosa

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34
Q

What info does the Lingual branch of CN IX carry?

A

general sensory AND taste info from posterior 1/3 of the tongue (post. to sulcus terminalis)

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35
Q

What CN is known as the “wonderer”?

A

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

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36
Q

What type of fibers does the Vagus Nerve carry?

A

“mixed”

  • motor
  • general/ somatic sensory
  • visceral sensory
  • special sensory
  • parasympathetic
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37
Q

What is the longest CN?

A

Vagus nerve

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38
Q

What is the most important parasympathetic nerve in the body?

A

Vagus nerve

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39
Q

What CN all have parasympathetic associated with them?

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

40
Q

What is the nucleus of origin for the Vagus Nerve?

A

nucleus ambiguus (same for CN IX, XI)

41
Q

T/F. The nucleus ambiguus receives info from both cerebral hemispheres.

42
Q

T/F. For the Vagus nerve there will only be preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to talk about in our PNS class.

43
Q

What are the nuclei of termination for the Vagus nerve?

A

Spinal Nucleus of the Trigeminal (somatic sensory info)

Nucleus of the solitary tract (tate and visosensory info)– (recall same as CN VII)

44
Q

What nucleus do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried in the Vagus N. arise from?

A

posterior (dorsal) nucleus of the vagus

45
Q

Where does the posterior (dorsal) nucleus of the vagus receive information from?

A

indirectly from hypothalamus and carotid sinus

46
Q

What are the two peripheral ganglion ass. with the Vagus Nerve?

A

Superior and inferior ganglion (same names as CN IX, but they are DIFFERENT)

47
Q

What are the other names for the Superior ganglion and Inferior ganglion of the Vagus nerve?

A

Superior–> jugular ganglion

Inferior–> nodose ganglion

48
Q

In general, where is pain carried from that travels in the vagus nerve?

A

lower right quadrant of abdomen

49
Q

What type of sensory info does the Vagus nerve carry and what ganglion do these sensory pathways arise from? What nucleus of termination do they synapse in?

A
  1. somatic sensory–> sup. ganglion–> spinal nucleus of V
  2. Special sensory (taste) –> inf. ganglion–> sup. pt. of nucleus of solitary tract
  3. Visceral sensory–> inf. ganglion–> inf. pt. of nucleus of solitary tract
50
Q

Where does the Vagus nerve carry somatic sensory information from?

A
  • dura (infratentorial/posterior cranial fossa)
  • auricle
  • external auditory canal
  • lateral tympanic membrane
  • mucosa of oropharynx and laryngopharynx
51
Q

What ganglion are cell bodies found for the somatic sensory info carried in the Vagus nerve? What nucleus of termination do they synapse in?

A

superior ganglion (jugular ganglion); synapse in spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

52
Q

Where does the Vagus nerve carry special sensory information from? Where are these cell bodies found? Where do they synapse?

A

taste from the epiglottis; cell bodies in inferior ganglion (nodose ganglion); synapse in superior part of the nucleus of the solitary tract

53
Q

Where does the Vagus nerve carry visceral sensory information from?

A
  • larynx and laryngopharynx
  • viscera in thoracic and abdominal cavities
  • pressure (baroreceptors) in aortic arch
  • chemoreceptors in para-aortic body
54
Q

What ganglion are cell bodies found for the visceral sensory info carried in the Vagus nerve? What nucleus of termination do they synapse in?

A

inferior ganglion (nodose ganglion); synapse in inferior part of the nucleus of the solitary tract

55
Q

What is the apparent origin of the Vagus nerve?

A

series of rootlets arise off the lateral aspect of the MO

56
Q

The series of rootlets that arise of the lateral aspect of the MO that make up the Vagus nerve will do what before exiting the skull? What does the Vagus nerve exit the skull through?

A

rootlets combine to form a trunk that gives off meningeal branch before exiting skull via jugular foramen

(Recall: CN IX, X, XI all exit skull via jugular foramen)

57
Q

What does the meningeal branch of the Vagus Nerve supply?

A

dura of the posterior cranial fossa/ infratentorial

58
Q

Describe the jugular foramen and the exiting of the CNs through it.

A

It is compartmentalized by fibrous septum

  • CN X and XI travel ANTERIOR to septum
  • CN IX travels POSTERIOR to septum
59
Q

T/F. Vagus nerve and accesory nerve share a meningeal sheath (arachnoid and dura) when exiting through jugular foramen.

60
Q

Where is the superior ganglion (jugular ganglion) and the inferior ganglion (nodose ganglion), ass. with the Vagus nerve, located?

A

superior ganglion–> in jugular foramen

inferior ganglion–> just inf. to jugular foramen

61
Q

How many branches does the Vagus nerve have?

A
  1. Meningeal Branch
  2. Auricular Branch
  3. Pharyngeal Branches
  4. Branches to carotid artery
  5. Superior laryngeal nerve
  6. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
  7. Super and Inferior Cardiac branches
  8. Pulmonary plexus
  9. Esophageal plexus
  10. in thorax–> Anterior/ Left Vagus N and a Posterior/Right Vagus N
62
Q

Where is the Auricular Branch of CN X given off? What is its course?

A

at the superior ganglion; goes through mastoid canaliculus and the tympanomastoid fissure to reach the external auditory meatues

63
Q

What type of information does the Auricular Branch of CN X carry?

A

sensory info from meatus and a small portion of auricle

64
Q

After exiting the jugular foramen, the Vagus nerve will travel inferiorly within what structure and between what two structures?

A

in the carotid sheath b/w the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein and then inferior to the carotid bifurcation b/w the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein

65
Q

What are all the branches given off the Vagus nerve in the neck?

A
  1. Pharyngeal Branch
  2. Branches to carotid artery
  3. Superior laryngeal nerve
  4. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
  5. Superior and inferior cardiac branches
66
Q

What branches of the Vagus nerve are given off at the inferior ganglion level?

A
  • Pharyngeal branches

- Branches to the carotid artery

67
Q

What fibers does that Pharyngeal Branch of the Vagus nerve combine with? What do these fibers form?

A

fibers from Glossopharyngeal nerve and with sympathetic fibers from sympathetic trunk –> to form pharyngeal plexus

68
Q

What type of information does the Pharyngeal branch of the Vagus nerve carry? What does it innervate?

A

Motor fibers to:

  • pharyngeal constrictor muscles
  • levator veli palatine muscle of soft palate
69
Q

What type of fibers are carried in the Branches to the carotid artery off the Vagus nerve? Where are they carrying into from? Where do they carry info to?

A

viscerosensory fibers that relay info from chemoreceptors in carotid body —> to inferior part of the nucleus for the solitary tract

70
Q

In general, where does taste information go to?

A

SUPERIOR part of the solitary nucleus

71
Q

What branch of the Vagus nerve is given off just inferior to the inferior ganglion? What type of fibers does it carry?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve (M and S)

72
Q

Describe what the Superior laryngeal nerve does (branch of Vagus N)?

A

divides into:

  1. Internal Laryngeal nerve (S)
  2. external laryngeal nerve (M)
73
Q

What does the external laryngeal nerve supply?

A

cricothyroid muscle

branch of superior laryngeal nerve, branch of Vagus

74
Q

What does the internal laryngeal nerve carry info from?

A

laryngeal mucosa as far inferior as the vocal folds

branch of superior laryngeal nerve, branch of Vagus

75
Q

What carries sensory information from mucosa above the vocal folds? What carries sensory info from mucosa below the vocal folds?

A

above –> internal laryngeal nerve
below–> recurrent laryngeal nerve

–both branches of Vagus

76
Q

What type of fibers does the recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of Vagus) carry? What does it supply?

A

motor –> all muscles of larynx, EXCEPT cricothyroid
sensory –> larynx inferior to vocal folds

gives off parasympathetic fibers as inferior cardiac branches –> goes to cardiac plexus

77
Q

T/F. The recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies same structures on R and L side, but they take different routes.

A

True (this is a branch of Vagus)

78
Q

Describe the pathway the Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve takes.

A
  • comes off Vagus after Vagus passes in front of aortic arch
  • passes under aortic arch and ascends
  • name changes to Inferior Laryngeal Nerve
79
Q

Describe the pathway the Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve takes.

A
  • passes from anterior to posteriorly under right subclavian artery
  • ascends (similarly to left)
80
Q

What are the parasympathetic branches coming off the Vagus nerve in the neck? Where do they carry info to and what type of fibers do they carry?

A

Superior and Inferior Cardiac branches
- carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to cardiac plexus

–one branch carries viscerosensory info concerning pressure in aorta

81
Q

Describe the path of the Superior cardiac branches that leave the Vagus nerve.

A

come off Vagus N directly and travel with great vessels to the cardiac plexus

82
Q

Describe the path of the Inferior cardiac branches from the Vagus nerve.

A

are given off the Recurrent Laryngeal nerves and travel to the cardiac plexus

83
Q

There is one branch from the superior and inferior cardiac branches that is not going to the cardiac plexus. What branch is this and what info is it carrying?

A

carries viscerosensory info concerning pressure on wall of aorta
- nerve is stimulated when aortic pressure becomes too high

84
Q

Once the Vagus nerve leaves the neck and enters the thorax, what happens?

A

enters thorax and passes posterior to root of ipsilateral lung and contributes to the pulmonary plexus

85
Q

At the point where the Vagus enters thorax and passes posterior to root of ipsilateral lung, what occurs next involving the Vagus nerves?

A
  • Right vagus nerve passes POSTERIORLY

- Left vagus nerve passes ANTERIORLY over esophagus and contributes tot he esophageal plexus

86
Q

Will the left or right vagus nerve contribute the esophageal plexus?

87
Q

How does the Right vagus nerve enter the abdominal cavity? What does it become?

A

through the esophageal opening (same as L) and becomes the Posterior Vagal Trunk

88
Q

Where does the Right Vagus nerve (name change to Posterior Vagal Trunk) send branches to and where does it terminate?

A
  • branches to posterior stomach

- terminates in a large Celiac Branch

89
Q

Where does the Celiac Branch of the Posterior Vagal Trunk (cont. of Right Vagus nerve) send branches to?

A
  • duodenum
  • liver
  • kidneys
  • SI
  • poximal 2/3 of large intestine
90
Q

What are the three plexuses the Posterior Vagal Trunk (cont. of Right Vagus Nerve) contributes to?

A
  1. celiac plexus
  2. superior mesenteric plexus
  3. renal plexus
91
Q

What does the Left Vagus Nerve become after entering the abdominal cavity? How does it enter abdominal cavity?

A

becomes Anterior Vagal Trunk

via esophageal opening (same as R nerve)

92
Q

Where does the Anterior Vagal Trunk (cont. of Left Vagus N) send fibers to?

A
  • stomach
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • superior part of duodenom
93
Q

What occurs with bilateral transection of the Vagus nerves?

A

= FATAL

- parasym. = primarily responsible for heart tone/rhythm

94
Q

If there are leasions w/in the vault or close to the skull, what could occur that is ass. with the Vagus nerve?

A

widespread problems ass. with structures like:

  • palate
  • pharynx
  • larynx
95
Q

What may occur with damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

(branch of Vagus Nerve)

- hoarseness or decrease volume in speech

96
Q

Once the Vagus nerve exits the carotid sheath, what type of fibers is it still carrying?

A
  • pregang. parasympathetic
  • general/somatic sensory
  • visceral sensory
97
Q

Nucleus ambiguus is the nucleus of origin for what CNs?

PNS -- Torgerud (17 decks)

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