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African History 104 > FINAL EXAM: THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE IN THE COLONIES IN THE BELGIAN AND PORTUGUESE COLONIES > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM: THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE IN THE COLONIES IN THE BELGIAN AND PORTUGUESE COLONIES Flashcards

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1
Q

BELGIAN COLONIES

What colonies they were focused on:

A

Congo - ruled by:
Burundi
Rwanda

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2
Q

Congo: was ruled by?
The Second Paternalism
Who decided everything for the Congo?

A

The Congo was ruled by King Leopold the II

King Leopold the II decided everything for the Congo, he was an imperialist.

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3
Q

Who did King Leopold hire to rule over different countries?

what did they do to the colonies?

A
  • K.L.II hired people from militant countries to rule over different countries and would exploit the colonies
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4
Q

What did they gain more of by exploiting the Congo?

What goods did the Congo produce and what was the repercussion if they didn’t produce 20LB

A
  • The more they exploited the Congo the more money they made
  • rubber,
  • if they didn’t produce 20lb of it they would get amputated.
    ex: hands, feet, ears
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5
Q 
The Missionary Vs Leopold II
What did the missionary do to intervene in the poor treatment of the Congolese people?
What did king leopold do?
What was the result of this:
What country stepped in?
Who took away the Congo from Leopold II?
A
  • They took photographs and showed it to the U.S Congress
  • K.L II denied and hired a lobbyist to deny the accusations
  • The U.S stepped in
  • The Belgian government took away the Congo from Leopold
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6
Q

What was Leopolds famous quote after defeat?

A
  • King Leopold II statement : “ I was able to defeat everyone except Kodak
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7
Q

Important diplomat:
what was his name ?
What made him important
What did he do?

A

Roger Casement

  • He was half Irish , so he knew about colonization
  • He saw what was happening to the people in the Congo that happened in Ireland that he din’t like which was the British colonization
  • He wrote a letter explains what was happening in the Congo
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8
Q

What country is the most unstable?

A

Belgium is the most unstable country in Europe

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9
Q

Formed political parties to fight against the Belgian rule:
Divide and Rule
Force Republic (police Force)

A

( Bakongo Alliance, Baluba, etc)

- Separate colonies and put them against one another to divide and conquer them

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10
Q 
Force Republic (police Force)
what type of people we recruited 
could you work in the same town that you were from?
Why did they work in different parts that don’t speak the same languages as them?
A
  • Recruited people based on their physical structure
  • No you could not work in the same town that you were from.
  • so they wouldn’t feel bad for making arrest or enforcing rule on them because they weren’t their people.
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11
Q

Different Ethnic groups that rebelled:

A

ABAKO- Bakongo Alliance
Joseph Kasabubu

CDA- Confederation des Associations
Mose Tomb

CONKAT- Tribales du Katanga

MNC- Movement National Congolais
Patrice Lumumba

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12
Q

Which Ethnic Group Represented all of the Congo ?

A

MNC

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13
Q

All Africa Conference 1958
Who invited all the countries to learn how to free themselves?
What was it the first time of?

A

Kwame Nkrumah

  • First time that French. Belgian, British, Spanish colonies ever met each other
  • Nkrumah gave help to all the people
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14
Q

Round Table Conference of Congolese political leaders (1960)

Who was it called by?

A
  • Called by Belgium
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15
Q

5 years transitional period
What did the Congolese people want
What did Belgium do in response ?

A
  • Wanted this so they could study ways to take over
  • But Belgium told them they were not ready to rule and would not give them 5 years but 6 months
  • This was a rush of independence , they Never gave them a chance to sit at the conferences to learn how to run the government
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16
Q

When was their Independence ?
Who was the president ?
what were his titles ?

A

Independence- June 30, 1960

  • President (Kasavubu)
  • ceremonial Head
  • Public figure
  • Belgian Agent
  • Wanted the resources for his people
17
Q

Who was the prime minister ?

What were his titles?

A

Prime Minister (Paterice Lumumba)

  • Person with majority of votes
  • Runs the Buisness of the country
  • Wanted the resources for his people to help them
  • Later became a marked man for exposing Belgium
18
Q

Who Came to represent Belgium

- Gave a speech giving credit to the Belgium saying they did great things for Congo and spread false information

A

Prince Albert

19
Q

Who exploited Belgium and what was the repercussion of this?

A
  • P. Lumumba exploited Belgium and shared what they really did to the Congo
  • He became a marked man and people wanted him dead
  • Ran with his car door open and someone stole his sword
20
Q

Reasons why they wanted to get rid of Patrice Lumumba:

A
  • The U.S wanted the Congos resources
  • Who was trying to kill him? The CIA
  • Sent poison tooth paste to the bathroom of Lumumba
  • Cia sent the Tooth Paste to a agent in the Congo but it expired so he didn’t die
  • A sergeant is the highest ranking officering the Congo but is still under the Belgians
  • This solider was hired by the CIA
21
Q

Patrice Lumumba and Kasavubu big disagreement

A
  • They dismissed each other
    The Death of Patrice Lumumba
  • Was killed by the Belgians
  • He was shot and then they sawed his body apart and dissolved the pieces in a barrel of acid
  • Only thing that remained?
  • was his gold tooth
  • He became a hero to the people of the Congo
22
Q

Mutiny of Force Publique
who was a part of this ?
Who is Mobutu?

A

United Nations

  • A sergeant is the highest ranking officering the Congo but is still under the Belgians
  • This solider was hired by the CIA
23
Q

Who was the most corrupt president of the Congo?

A
  • Mobutu
  • He stole money from the Congo
  • Why is he shown so much love in the U.S?
  • He facilitated the stealing of the Congo
24
Q

Portugese Colonies

A

Angola Cape Verde
Guinea Bissau
Mozambique
Sao Tome and Principe

25
Q

Policy of Assimilation (assimilado)

A
  • Process of making Africans into Europeans

- This process failed

26
Q

Why could they not grant independence to Africa

A
  • They realize the could not survive without the colonies of Africa
  • In result the Africans of the Colonies realized they had to fight
27
Q

Wars of Liberation

A 
MPLA (Angola) - Agostino Neto- Mozambic 
FRELIMO (Mozambique) - Edourdo Mondlane
Samora Machel
PAIGC (Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau) Amilear Cabral
Wars of liberation
28
Q

Re-education Camps

- What are they ?

A
  • Teaches prisoners to go back to their country and fight for their freedom
  • When the graduates were released they overthrew the government in Portugal
  • This means Africa helped people of Portugal to free themselves
  • They kept their word to free the Portuguese colonies in Africa
29
Q

Independence

A

Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde- 1974

Angola, Mozambique, and Sao Tome and Principe- 1975

African History 104 (20 decks)

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