FINAL EXAM: THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM IN SOUTH AFRICA Flashcards
INTERNAL FORCES
Who were they:
African National Congress (ANC)
When was it founded?
- Founded in 1912
- Wanted to participate in the minority government
- But they were denied , why?
- Because the ANC was the higher populated group and the Minority Government was afraid to be overruled
Freedom Charter (1959) What is so important about ? - So the ANC had no choice but to fight so they created a military movement called?
- Proposed that should the government have a free election and fair elections and if the ANC wins then the ANC would allow to let everyone to participate and the white minority government refused to include the ANC into the elections
Umkhonto we Sizwe(Spear of The Nation) - A military army created by the ANC
- WHO LED THIS DIVISION ?
- Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela
Origin:
- Born into the royal families of South Africa
- But once he went to college he became the lead of Spear of The Nation
Went to a Missionary School , and that’s how he gained Nelson.
South African Communist Party
- Leader : Joe Sloud
- Full of White Liberals
- Small party that made a lot of noise
Pan-African Communist Party
- Founded by young people who used to be members of the ANC
- What did they propose
- They wanted to create a exclusive group excluding the white men
Poqo
- A military army formed by the PAC
Robert Sobukwe - The leader of the PAC
Sharpville Massacre- 1960
- Racist police shot and killed
- Shot in the back
- Why? Because they were protesting by bending their passes up
Who was arrested ? (Find out the other people)
- Robert Sobukwe
- Joe Sloud
Who was alleged the leader ?
ORIGIN
NELSON MANDELA
Went to a Missionary School , and that’s how he gained Nelson.
- Speech he fought against white and black oppression,
- he wanted all people to be free and this is something he was willing to die for.
Soweto Massacre - 1976
- One of the apartheid laws :
- Students were learned Afrikaans, but the students protested because they did not want to learn the language
- children were shot by racist police
- People found out about this around the world and people saw children carrying dead children
Steve Biko
Who was he?
- College student, medical student
- Formed a movement called : The Black Conscious Movement
- Where black people from South Africa can celebrate their culture
- How and why was he killed?
- The government had him arrested and he was tortured to death.
Winnie Mandela
- Wife of Nelson Mandela
- She traveled around South Africa bringing awareness to people to resist Apartheid
- This caused her to be arrested as well as deported internally,
- She was moved from one part of Africa to another part of Africa
Bishop Desmond Tutu
- Head of the Anglican Church (pescipallian) in South Africa
- Anglican Bishop
- Won a Nobel peace prize for
- He went around the world to spread the news of the people who suffer under the apartheid and asking for help
Many forces fought the Apartheid from within
ANC
PAC
MANDELA’S
External Forces
- People outside of South Africa that are helping the cause
Cold War
- Affect events in South Africa
- Eastern powers led by the Soviet Union supported the liberation struggle in South Africa
- Ex: ANC, PAC
- The western countries(USA) supported the oppressors , WHY?
- Because of greed, they were getting things for cheaper
Organization of African Unity
- Founded by African countries that were independent
- This organization would support the liberation struggle in Africa
- Provided assistance to refugees, help students to study, and trained them to fight so they can return to South Africa
Commonwealth of Nations
- Former British colony
- United States did not want to bow to the queen because they were to powerful
- Ex of African states : Ghana, Nigeria etc
- They would not do Buisness or have a relationship with South Africa
Artist took a stand and supported the movements against the oppressor
Ways they helped
Rock Concerts
- Spoke on the things happening
- Ex: Bruce Springsting
- Sting
- Bono
- Bob Marley
against the oppressor
Ways they helped PT 2
Anti-apartheid rallies
Students demonstrations
- Many students were uppset that their money were going towards companies who were doing buisnesses with South Africa
- Asked that their trustees did not do Buisness with South Africa
- Boycott businesses who did Buisness with Africa
- Stand In front of Shell and had sign. Which would say: you are buying the blood of africans
Against the oppressor
ways they helped part 3
Films
- Steve Biko, played by Denzel Washington
Anti-apartheid Organizations
- Devoted entirely to ending apartheid in south Africa
- Loby governments , lobby congress lobby companies
- They needed to stop investing in companies to run south Africa
- Many countries around the world would not do business in South Africa
Sanctions - economic and cultural boycott
United States
Raegan refused to remove sanctions from South Africa
Many people of congress wanted to remove it so Raegan was overruled
Britain
- Followed suit later on and pulled sanctions on South Africa
Black Majority rule in South Africa
F.W. de Klerk- reform in the 1990’s
Nelson Mandela
1994
Africa would host free and fair elections for all the people to participate in the elections
People were carried ro vote
It was so important because africans were finally able to vote
The ANC won the elections
Nelson Mandela was the first black president
First president of free and fair elections
