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Biology 189 > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an organic compound?
A) Compound that always contains oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen.

B) Compound that always contains carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen.

C) Compound that always contains carbon and hydrogen.

D) Compound that always contains hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.

E) Compound that is grown without pesticides and herbicides.

A

Compound tht always contains carbon and hydrogen

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2
Q

Which of the following are polymers of carbohydrates?

a. starch
b. glycogen
c. cellulose
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

All of the above

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3
Q

What is a function of lipids?
a. storage of long-term energy
b. storage of genetic informaiton
c. catalysis of chemical reactions
d. transport of molecules across the biological membrane
e. contractile work

A

a. storage of long-term energy

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4
Q

If a solution has a pH value of 10. The what is the [OH-]?

a. 1x10-10 M
b. 1x10-4 M
c. -4
d. -10

A

1x10-4 M

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5
Q

What is the correct output of citric acid cycle during aerobic cellular respiration?

a. NADH, pyruvates, ATP
b. ATP and water
c. Acetyl CoA, NADH, and CO2
d. NADH, FADH2, CO2, ATP
e. None of the above

A

NADH, FADH2, CO2, ATP

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6
Q

What level of protein structue is the linear sequence of amino acids?

a. primary structure
b. secondary structure
c. quartery structure

A

Primary structure

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7
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

A) Energy comes from a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away…

B) Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

C) Energy always comes from the sun.

D) Energy transformations are inefficient, leading to more disorder and release of heat.

E) Energy is conserved.

A

Energy transformations are inefficient leading to more disorder and release of heat

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8
Q

What is the 1st law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy is conserved

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9
Q

What is the correct statement about anabolic pathways?
A) Reaction that requires an input of energy.

B) Reaction that breaks down molecules.

C) Reaction that releases energy.

D) Reaction that does not require enzymes.

E) Reaction that doesn’t require activation energy.

A

Reaction requires an input of energy

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10
Q

What type of macromolecule are enzymes?

A) Carbohydrates

B) Nucleic acids

C) Proteins

D) Lipids

E) All of the above

A

Proteins

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11
Q

Which statement is false about splicing?

a. splicing takes place in the nucleus of the cell
b. splicing joins together exons to form the mature mRNA trancript
c. splicing removes introns from the premature mRNA transcript
d. splicing requires a complex called the splicesome
e. splicing modifies the 5’ and 3’ ends of the premature mRNA transcript

A

splicing modifies the 5’ and 3’ ends of the premature mRNA transcript

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12
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

a. description of how water is filled with solutes
b. “ “ of the biological membrane
c. “ “ of how fluids flow out of the human body
d. “ “ of how atoms are able to move out of the body

A

description of the biological membrane

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13
Q

What is the function of membrane proteins?
A) Act as enzymes

B) Transport molecules

C) Join cells together

D) Transduce signals

E) All of the above

A

All of the above

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14
Q

Simple and facilitated diffusion are types of what form of transport?
A) active transport

B) chemiosmosis

C) solute pumping

D) passive transport

E) acid-base reactions

hint: diffusion

A

Passive transport

diffusion ALWAYS means passive transport!

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15
Q

Which domain is prokaryotic?

A) Eukarya

B) Fungi

C) Archaea

D) Animalia

E) Plantae

A

Archae

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16
Q

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

A) Neutron

B) Electron

C) Proton

D) Cation

E) None of the above

A

Electron

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17
Q

Which chemical bond is the strongest?

A) Ionic bond

B) Hydrogen bond

C) Van der Waals

D) Covalent bond

E) Cohesive bond

A

Covalent bond

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18
Q

Which of the following is true for both meiosis II and mitosis?

A) Sister chromatids separate.

B) Homologous chromosomes separate.

C) DNA replication precedes the division.

D) Haploid cells are produced.

E) Diploid cells are produced.

A

Sister chromatids seperate

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19
Q

Water has unique properties that make life possible on Earth. One of these properties is the ability to absorb great amounts of energy. In fact, humans take advantage of this by sweating to keep cool. What explains water’s properties?

A) Water is nonpolar.

B) Water molecules form many hydrogen bonds with one another.

C) Water is ionic.

D) Water molecules form many van der Waals interactions with one another.

E) Water is very chemically reactive.

A

B) Water molecules form many hydrogen bonds with one another.

20
Q

What is an organic compound?

A) Compound that always contains oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen.

B) Compound that always contains carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen.

C) Compound that always contains carbon and hydrogen.

D) Compound that always contains hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.

E) Compound that is grown without pesticides and herbicides.

A

compound that always contains carbon and hydrogen

21
Q

What is the name of the bond/linkage between amino acids in a polymer?

A) Glycosidic linkage

B) Phosphodiester linkage

C) Hydrogen bond

D) Peptide bond

E) Ester linkage

A

Peptide bond

22
Q

If the number of neutrons was changed in an atom, then which statement is true?

A) It is now a cation.

B) It is now an anion.

C) It is now a different isotope.

D) It is now a different isomer.

E) It is now a different element.

A

It is now a different isotope

23
Q

Which molecules are products (output) of glycolysis?

A) NADH, pyruvate, and acetyl CoA

B) Water, FAD, and NAD+

C) FADH2, NADH, CO2, and ATP

D) ATP, NADH, and pyruvate

E) Acetyl CoA, NADH, and CO2

A

D) ATP, NADH, and pyruvate

24
Q

What happens during oxidative phosphorylation (of aerobic cellular respiration)?

A) Series of redox reactions to directly generate lots of ATP molecules.

B) Formation of a proton gradient to be used for ATP synthesis.

C) Regeneration of NAD+ molecules to oxidize glucose as many times as possible.

D) Production of many reduced electron carriers in the mitochondrial matrix.

E) Catabolism of glucose to form two organic molecules that will enter the mitochondrion.

A

B) Formation of a proton gradient to be used for ATP synthesis.

25
Q

Which is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic cellular respiration?

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Molecular oxygen (O2)

C) NAD+

D) FAD

E) Pyruvate

A

Molecular oxygen (O2)

26
Q

Which organelle is physically close to the nucleus and serves as the major site of protein and lipid synthesis for the cell?

A) Mitochondrion

B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

D) Golgi apparatus

E) Lysosome

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

During which stages of aerobic cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

A) Glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation

B) Pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle

C) Citric acid cycle and glycolysis

D) Oxidative phosphorylation and pyruvate oxidation

E) Fermentation and glycolysis

A

Glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation

28
Q

Why is NAD+ regeneration important in fermentation of glucose?

A) It allows oxygen to diffuse into the cell so that oxygen can serve as an electron acceptor.

B) It prevents the cell from entering pyruvate oxidation and the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle).

C) It allows glycolysis to continue repeatedly within the cytoplasm.

D) It transports glucose into the cell for catabolism in fermentation.

E) It enables redox reactions to happen so the electron transport chain is functional.

A

It allows glycolysis to continue repeatedly within the cytoplasm.

29
Q

Which of the following statements is true about buffers?

A) They maintain a constant pH when bases are added to them but not when acids are added to them.

B) They maintain a constant pH when acids are added to them but not when bases are added to them.

C) They fluctuate in pH when either acids or bases are added to them.

D) They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them.

E) They always maintain the pH at 7 so the solution is always neutral.

A

They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them.

30
Q

What is the result at the completion of meiosis?

A) Genetically identical diploid daughter cells

B) Genetically different diploid daughter cells

C) Genetically identical haploid daughter cells

D) Genetically different haploid daughter cells

A

Genetically different haploid daughter cells

31
Q

When does crossing over occur during meiosis?

A) Prophase I

B) Prophase II

C) Anaphase I

D) Anaphase II

E) It does not occur in meiosis

A

Prophase I

32
Q

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

A) Lipid

B) Starch

C) Cellulose

D) DNA

E) Protein

A

Lipid

33
Q

Which list includes all the pyrimidines found in nucleic acids?

A) Cytosine and uracil

B) Cytosine and thymine

C) Cytosine, uracil, and guanine

D) Cytosine, uracil, and thymine

E) Cytosine, guanine, and adenine

A

Cytosine, uracil, and thymine

34
Q

What does the process of transcription require?

A) DNA polymerase, dNTPs, DNA template

B) RNA polymerase, NTPs, DNA template

C) Ribosome, NTPs, DNA template

D) RNA polymerase, dNTPs, RNA template

E) None of the above

A

RNA polymerase, NTPs, DNA template

35
Q

Linkage to nucleotides?

A

phosphodiester linkage

36
Q

Linkage to Monosaccharide?

A

glycosidic linkage

37
Q

Linkage to amino acid?

A

peptide bond

38
Q

What is TATA box?

A

a DNA sequence that indicates where a genetic sequence can be read and decoded

39
Q

Gentic code is

A

redundant and ambiguous

40
Q

What is the function of a tata box

A

it helps bind transcription factors to the promoter region

41
Q

What is the purpose of translation?

A

To release polypeptide

42
Q

Haploid

n

A

contains one set of chromosomes

43
Q

Diploid

2n

A

contains two sets of chromosomes

44
Q

What is the correct difference between carrier and channel proteins?

A

Carrier proteins change shape during transport of molecules, whereas channel proteins do not change shape during transport of molecules

45
Q

Where is the TATA box found?

A

it is found in the promoter sequence in front of the gene

46
Q

What places do they take place?
Glycolysis
Pyruvate Oxidative
Krebs Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation

A
  1. Cyotplasm
  2. Mitochondrial Matrix
  3. Mitochondrial Matrix
  4. Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
47
Q

Which metabolic pathway synthesizes the ATP that is produced during oxidative phosphorylation?

a. the citric cycle
b. glycolysis
c. electron transport
d. chemiosmosis
e. the transition reactions

A

Chemiosmosis

Biology 189 (22 decks)

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