Bio (Exam 3) Energy and Enzymes

Question 1

What is energy?

Answer 1

capacity to do work.

Question 2

What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?

Answer 2

Potential energy stores energy and kinetic energy is the movement.

Question 3

What is an example to kinetic energy?

Answer 3

Heat (thermal energy)

Question 4

What is an example of Potential energy?

Answer 4

Chemical bonds

Question 5

Thermodynamics

Answer 5

study of energy transformations

Question 6

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 6

energy cannot be created or destroyed during during a chemical reaction
- only transformed!

can not be destroyed or created!

Question 7

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 7

energy transformations cause increase in disorder

Example: that’s why we can’t touch a lightbulb

Question 8

Gibbs Free Energy (G)

Answer 8

amount of potential energy to do work

Question 9

What is a system?

Answer 9

a living thing

Question 10

Exergonic

Opposite to Endergonic

Answer 10

• reactions release energy
• break down complex/large molecules to simple/small molecules

Question 11

Endergonic

Opposite to Exergonic

Answer 11

• reactions absorbs energy
• build large/complex molecules from simple/large molecules

Question 12

What type of macromolecule is an enzyme?

Answer 12

Protein marcromelecules

Question 13

What do enzymes do?

Answer 13

Enzymes catalyst that speed up chemical reactions

Question 14

Usually enzymes are what?

Answer 14

Proteins

Question 15

What do enzymes usually end up with?

Answer 15

ase

Ex: cellulase, kinase etc.

Question 16

Reactant =

Answer 16

Product with NO enzymes

Question 17

Substrate =

Answer 17

Product with enzymes

Question 18

What can affect enzyme activity?

Answer 18

Environmental
(pH, temperature, salinity)

Question 19

Induced Fit

Answer 19

enzymes activity site “folds” around substrate
(helps lower activation energy of reaction)

Question 20

Catabolism

Opposite to Anabolism

Answer 20

Break down
from small to large

Question 21

Anabolism

Opposite to Catabolism

Answer 21

Build up
large to small

Question 22

An inhibitor molecule and a substrate can both bind to an enzyme’s active site. What type of regulation would the enzyme have?

a. noncompetitive inhibition
b. competitive inhibition
c. temperature effects
d. phosphorylation

Answer 22

b. competitive inhibition

Question 23

If an enzyme became denatured due to excess heat in its environment, then what is the correct consequence that will result from this event?

a. enzyme will lose its shape and will likely have an increase in its activity

b. enzymes activity will be unaffected by this event

c. a greater variety of inhibitor molecules will bind to the enzyme and prevents its ability to bind to its normal substrate

d. enzyme will lose its shape and it will likely suffer a reduction in its ability to catalyze chemical reactions

e. coenzymes and cofactors will bind more readily to the enzyme after it denatured

Answer 23

d. enzyme will lose its shape and it will likely suffer a reduction in its ability to catalyze chemical reactions

Question 24

Would protein synthesis be considered anabolic or catabolic?
Would it be considered endergonic or exergonic?

a. anabolic and exergonic
b. catabolic and exergonic
c. anabolic and endergonic
d. catabolic and endergonic

Answer 24

c. anabolic and endergonic