Bio (Exam 3) Energy and Enzymes Flashcards
Energy and Enzymes Chapter
What is energy?
capacity to do work.
What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?
Potential energy stores energy and kinetic energy is the movement.
What is an example to kinetic energy?
Heat (thermal energy)
What is an example of Potential energy?
Chemical bonds
Thermodynamics
study of energy transformations
1st Law of Thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed during during a chemical reaction
- only transformed!
can not be destroyed or created!
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
energy transformations cause increase in disorder
Example: that’s why we can’t touch a lightbulb
Gibbs Free Energy (G)
amount of potential energy to do work
What is a system?
a living thing
Exergonic
Opposite to Endergonic
- reactions release energy
- break down complex/large molecules to simple/small molecules
Endergonic
Opposite to Exergonic
- reactions absorbs energy
- build large/complex molecules from simple/large molecules
What type of macromolecule is an enzyme?
Protein marcromelecules
What do enzymes do?
Enzymes catalyst that speed up chemical reactions
Usually enzymes are what?
Proteins
What do enzymes usually end up with?
ase
Ex: cellulase, kinase etc.
Reactant =
Product with NO enzymes
Substrate =
Product with enzymes
What can affect enzyme activity?
Environmental
(pH, temperature, salinity)
Induced Fit
enzymes activity site “folds” around substrate
(helps lower activation energy of reaction)
Catabolism
Opposite to Anabolism
Break down
from small to large
Anabolism
Opposite to Catabolism
Build up
large to small
An inhibitor molecule and a substrate can both bind to an enzyme’s active site. What type of regulation would the enzyme have?
a. noncompetitive inhibition
b. competitive inhibition
c. temperature effects
d. phosphorylation
b. competitive inhibition
If an enzyme became denatured due to excess heat in its environment, then what is the correct consequence that will result from this event?
a. enzyme will lose its shape and will likely have an increase in its activity
b. enzymes activity will be unaffected by this event
c. a greater variety of inhibitor molecules will bind to the enzyme and prevents its ability to bind to its normal substrate
d. enzyme will lose its shape and it will likely suffer a reduction in its ability to catalyze chemical reactions
e. coenzymes and cofactors will bind more readily to the enzyme after it denatured
d. enzyme will lose its shape and it will likely suffer a reduction in its ability to catalyze chemical reactions
Would protein synthesis be considered anabolic or catabolic?
Would it be considered endergonic or exergonic?
a. anabolic and exergonic
b. catabolic and exergonic
c. anabolic and endergonic
d. catabolic and endergonic
c. anabolic and endergonic
