Bio Quiz 7 & 8 (For Exam 4)

Question 1

The first stage of the cell cycle is called ____. After the first part is complete, the cell will enter ____, which is made up of five distinct phases. The final stage of the cell cycle is ____, which involves a contracting ring of protein to divide the cytoplasm and physically seperatethe two daughter cells.

Answer 1

interphase
mitosis
cytokinesis

Question 2

During which part of interphase is DNA replicated?

Answer 2

Synthesis phase (S phase)

Question 3

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell?

Answer 3

Metaphase

Question 4

During telophase in mitosis, what happens to the chromosomes?

Answer 4

Chromosomes loosen into chromatin

Question 5

During which phase of mitosis are the sister chromatids seperated from one another and pulled towards opposite poles of the cell?

Answer 5

Anaphase

Question 6

During which phase of meiosis do tetrads form?

Answer 6

Prophase I

Question 7

Why is the chromosomes number reduced in the cells after the completion of meiosis?

a. four cell divisions with no chromosome replication
b. two cell divisions in which half of the chromosomes are destroyed
c. two cell divisions without any chromosomes replication
d. two cell divisions and only a single event of chromosome replication

Answer 7

d. two cell divisions and only a single event of chromosome replication

Question 8

As a cell undergoes meiosis, what happens during crossing over?

Answer 8

Non-sister chromatids (in a tetrad) exchange parts of themselves, resulting in mixing of genetic information between those chromatids

Question 9

In which phase of meiosis are the homologous chromosomes separated to opposite poles of the cell?

Answer 9

Anaphase I

Question 10

The diploid cells that undergo meiosis are known as —– The final daughter cells after the completion of meiosis are genetically different and —-. These final daughter cells are known as —-.

Answer 10

germ cells
diploid
gametes

Question 11

During DNA replication, the enzyme called —- unwinds the DNA double helix structure, seperating the two strands of DNA apart. These two DNA strands serve as templates for synthesis of DNA. The two strands are held apart by —- stabilizing the open “bubble” configuration.

Answer 11

helicase

single-strand binding proteins

Question 12

Which enzyme is responsible for relieving the tension ahead of the replication fork during DNA replication?

a. DNA Ligase
b. single-strand binding proteins
c. helicase
d. DNA Polymerase I
e. Topoisomerase

Answer 12

DNA Polymerase I

Question 13

Which of the following does not occur during DNA replicaiton?

a. unwinding of the parent DNA double helix
b. use of RNA primers to initiate DNA synthesis
c. Polymerization of the new DNA strand in the 3’ - to - 5’ direction
d. Complementary nitrogenous base pairing between two DNA strands

Answer 13

c. Polymerization of the new DNA strand in the 3’ - to - 5’ direction

Question 14

At the end of DNA replication, two DNA molecules are produced, each one consisting of a parental (original) DNA strand and a new DNA strand. What is this model of DNA replication called?

a. Transforming model of replication
b. Complementary model of replication
c. Conservative model of replication
d. Semiconservative model of replication
e. Dispersive model of replication

Answer 14

d. Semiconservative model of replication

Question 15

Which enzyme is reponsible for synthesizing and elongating the new DNA strands for the leading and lagging strands?

Answer 15

Topoisomerase

Question 16

Where is the TATA box found?

Answer 16

it is found in the promoter sequence in front of the gene

Question 17

Which cellular structure is responsible for forming the peptide bond between amino acids during translation?

Answer 17

Ribosome

Question 18

Which molecule serves as the adapter molecule that matches the correct amino acid and with its correct codon during translation?

a. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
b. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
c. Release factor
d. Messenger mRNA (mRNA)
e. Methionine

Answer 18

a. Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 19

During RNA processing of the mRNA transcript in eukaryotic cells, what happens to the introns?

a. They are used for building the codons in the final mRNA transcript.
b. They are not transcribed at all.
c. They are spliced and attached to exons to form the final mRNA transcript.
d. They are spliced out and removed from the original mRNA transcript.
e. They are spliced together from the original mRNA transcript.

Answer 19

d. They are spliced out and removed from the original mRNA transcript.

Question 20

Which statement is true about DNA replication?

a. As the new DNA strands are synthesized using the parent (template) strand, adenine and uracil bases pair with one another, and guanine and thymine bases pair with one another.
b. The new DNA strand is synthesized in a discontinuous manner away from the replication fork on the lagging strand.
c. Primase has the important role of removing the RNA primers and filling the gaps with new DNA nucleotides.
d. RNA primers are not required for synthesis of the new DNA strand on the leading strand.
e. Prokaryotic organisms (like bacteria) have multiple origins of replication on many linear chromosomes.

Answer 20

b. The new DNA strand is synthesized in a discontinuous manner away from the replication fork on the lagging strand.

Question 21

What is the role of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

a. DNA ligase will join the many Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand together.
b. DNA ligase will join the many Okazaki fragments of the leading strand together.
c. DNA ligase will join the parental DNA strands back together.
d. DNA ligase will convert the 3’-deoxynucleoside triphosphates to 5’-deoxynucleoside triphosphates.
e. DNA ligase keeps the ‘replicable bubble’ open by holding the two template strands apart.

Answer 21

a. DNA ligase will join the many Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand together.

Question 22

Transcription begins at a —- and ends at a —-. This newly transcribed RNA molecule is then processed so it can be exported into the cytoplasm for translation.

Answer 22

promoter

termination sequence