Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
Which of the following is not a characteristic unique to members of the Phylum Chordata?
A) Notochord
B) Ventral nerve cord
C) Pharyngeal slits or pouches
D) Endostyle or thyroid gland
B) Ventral nerve cord
In chordates, which structure is responsible for producing mucus to trap food particles or later developing into the thyroid gland?
A) Notochord
B) Endostyle
C) Dorsal nerve cord
D) Postanal tail
B) Endostyle
Which part of the chordate body plan is primarily responsible for body support and often replaced by the vertebral column in vertebrates?
A) Notochord
B) Postanal tail
C) Pharyngeal pouches
D) Endostyle
A) Notochord
All chordates have a complete digestive tract.
T/F
True
The postanal tail is present in all chordates throughout their entire lifespan.
T/F
False (The postanal tail is present at least during some stage of development but may not be retained in adulthood for all species.)
Which of the following structures in chordates is most similar in function to the vertebral column found in vertebrates?
A) Dorsal nerve cord
B) Pharyngeal slits
C) Endostyle
D) Notochord
D) Notochord
Which of the following characteristics is shared between chordates and echinoderms due to their common ancestry as deuterostomes?
A) Bilateral symmetry
B) Pharyngeal slits
C) Endostyle or thyroid gland
D) Postanal tail
A) Bilateral symmetry
Among chordates, which structure plays a critical role in respiration or feeding during some developmental stage but may not be retained in adults?
A) Notochord
B) Pharyngeal slits
C) Postanal tail
D) Endostyle
B) Pharyngeal slits
The notochord in chordates is located:
A) On the ventral side of the body cavity
B) Inside the digestive tract
C) Dorsal to the body cavity
D) Surrounding the blood vessels
C) Dorsal to the body cavity
What structure in chordates is enclosed by a connective tissue sheath and consists of vacuolated cells?
A) Pharyngeal slits
B) Notochord
C) Dorsal nerve cord
D) Endostyle
B) Notochord
Pharyngeal slits in chordates serve primarily for:
A) Sensory functions
B) Structural support
C) Filter feeding or gas exchange
D) Locomotion
C) Filter feeding or gas exchange
The notochord is a rigid structure without flexibility, which helps support the chordate body.
T/F
False (The notochord is supportive but also flexible.)
Pharyngeal slits are always open to the external environment throughout a chordate’s life.
T/F
False (Pharyngeal slits may exist as pouches and are not always externally open.)
In some chordates, pharyngeal slits develop into gills that are used for gas exchange.
T/F
True
Which of the following best describes the primary difference between the notochord and the pharyngeal slits?
A) The notochord is for support, while pharyngeal slits are involved in feeding or gas exchange.
B) The notochord is a sensory organ, while pharyngeal slits are for structural support.
C) The notochord aids in locomotion, while pharyngeal slits are used for reproduction.
D) Both the notochord and pharyngeal slits serve the same primary function.
A) The notochord is for support, while pharyngeal slits are involved in feeding or gas exchange.
Compared to other structures in chordates, the notochord is most similar in its function to:
A) A skeleton, providing structural support
B) A respiratory system, providing gas exchange
C) A digestive tract, aiding in food processing
D) A nervous system, relaying signals
A) A skeleton, providing structural support
The pharyngeal slits are to filter feeding as the gills are to:
A) Structural support
B) Sensory input
C) Gas exchange
D) Digestive functions
C) Gas exchange
In chordates, the tubular nerve cord is positioned:
A) Ventral to the notochord
B) Within the notochord
C) Dorsal to the notochord
D) Posterior to the brain
C) Dorsal to the notochord
What is the primary function of the endostyle in non-vertebrate chordates?
A) Sensory detection
B) Structural support
C) Mucus secretion for filter feeding
D) Locomotion
C) Mucus secretion for filter feeding
In vertebrates, the endostyle develops into which of the following?
A) Notochord
B) Thyroid gland
C) Dorsal nerve cord
D) Pharyngeal slits
B) Thyroid gland
In chordates, the postanal tail extends beyond the anal opening, aiding in locomotion for many species.
T/F
True
The tubular nerve cord in chordates is expanded anteriorly to form a brain.
T/F
Tru
The endostyle is present in both non-vertebrate and vertebrate chordates in its original form throughout life.
T/F
False (The endostyle transforms into the thyroid gland in vertebrates.)
Which of the following best describes the difference between the dorsal tubular nerve cord and the notochord in chordates?
A) The nerve cord functions primarily in support, while the notochord relays sensory signals.
B) The nerve cord is involved in nervous system functions, while the notochord provides structural support.
C) Both the nerve cord and notochord are involved in locomotion.
D) The notochord and nerve cord both function as part of the digestive system.
B) The nerve cord is involved in nervous system functions, while the notochord provides structural support.