Exam #4 Study Guide Flashcards
which phylum?
-compound eye
-1 pare of antennae
-chitinous exoskeleton with articulated appendages
phylum annelida
phylum nematoda
phylum arthropoda
phylum mollusca
phylum arthropoda
which class?
-loss of antennae
-1st pair of appendages + chellcerae
-tagmata = cephalothorax + abdomen
class chelicerata
class myriapoda
class crustcea
class hexapoda
class chelicerata
which class?
-tagmata = head + trunk
-loss of compound eye
class chelicerata
class myriapoda
class crustcea
class hexapoda
class myriapoda
which class?
-biramous 2nd antennae
-2 pairs maxilae
-naupilus larva
-2nd pair of antennae
class chelicerata
class myriapoda
class crustcea
class hexapoda
class crustcea
which class?
-unique tracheal system
-6 legs
-tagmata = head + thorax + abdomen
class chelicerata
class myriapoda
class crustcea
class hexapoda
class hexapoda
the metamerism of arthropods are evident externally and increased internally
true or false
false; metamerism is reduced internally
a _____ limb comprises a single series of segments attached end-to-end
biramous
uniramous
uniramous
a ____ limb branches into two, and each branch consists of a series of segments attached end-to-end
uniramous
biramous
biramous
a wasp has ____ limbs
biramous
uniramous
uniramous
a crawfish has ____ limbs
biramous
uniramous
biramous
____ are chewing mouthparts
chelicerae
mandibles
mandibles
_____ are claws or pincers mostly used for grasping and tearing
mandibles
chelicerae
chelicerae
____ have chelicerae
spiders
grasshoppers
spiders
____ have mandibles
grasshoppers
spiders
grasshoppers
Which component of the arthropod exoskeleton acts as a barrier to water and external threats?
A) Procuticle
B) Epicuticle
C) Endocuticle
D) Sclerotization
B) Epicuticle
What material is found in the procuticle of the arthropod exoskeleton?
A) Lipoproteins
B) Calcium carbonate
C) Chitin
D) Articular membranes
C) Chitin
Which process is responsible for hardening the outer procuticle in arthropods?
A) Calcification
B) Sclerotization
C) Chitinization
D) Sensilla formation
B) Sclerotization
Sensory receptors in the arthropod exoskeleton are known as:
A) Articular membranes
B) Cuticular receptors
C) Sensilla
D) Epicuticles
C) Sensilla
The epicuticle of the arthropod exoskeleton is permeable to water.
T/F
False
The inner procuticle in arthropods is more flexible than the outer procuticle.
T/F
True
Calcium carbonate deposits contribute to the hardening of the arthropod exoskeleton.
T/F
True
Sclerotization occurs in the epicuticle layer of the arthropod exoskeleton.
T/F
False (It occurs in the outer procuticle)
During ecdysis, which glands secrete enzymes to digest the old procuticle?
A) Hypodermal glands
B) Sensory glands
C) Digestive glands
D) Excretory glands
A) Hypodermal glands
What hardens the new exoskeleton after the old exoskeleton is shed?
A) Deposition of lipoproteins
B) Deposition of calcium carbonate and/or sclerotization
C) Release of enzymes
D) Calcification of the epicuticle
B) Deposition of calcium carbonate and/or sclerotization
Which layer is formed first during the secretion of a new exoskeleton in arthropods?
A) Endocuticle
B) Epicuticle and procuticle
C) Hypodermis
D) Old exoskeleton
B) Epicuticle and procuticle
The hypodermal glands produce enzymes that digest the new procuticle during ecdysis.
T/F
False (They digest the old procuticle)
Sclerotization and/or calcium carbonate deposition are processes that harden the new exoskeleton after the old one is shed.
T/F
True
The old exoskeleton splits after the new procuticle and epicuticle are secreted.
T/F
True
Ecdysis occurs without any contribution from hypodermal glands.
T/F
False
What is the primary function of the hemocoel in arthropods?
A) To support a closed circulatory system
B) To act as a hydrostatic compartment
C) To serve as the internal cavity for an open circulatory system
D) To store metabolic waste products
C) To serve as the internal cavity for an open circulatory system
In arthropods, the hemocoel originates from which embryonic structure?
A) Endoderm
B) Blastocoel
C) Coelom
D) Mesoderm
B) Blastocoel
Which of the following is not a function of the hemocoel?
A) Transporting nutrients
B) Hydrostatic support
C) Waste exchange
D) Sometimes gas exchange
B) Hydrostatic support
In arthropods, the hemocoel serves as the central cavity for a closed circulatory system.
T/F
False (It serves an open circulatory system)
The hemocoel allows fluids to bathe internal organs, facilitating the exchange of nutrients, wastes, and sometimes gases.
T/F
True
Due to the presence of the exoskeleton, the coelom in arthropods functions as a hydrostatic compartment.
T/F
False (The coelom does not function as a hydrostatic compartment because of the exoskeleton)
The hemocoel in arthropods originates from the embryonic blastocoel.
T/F
True
What is a primary advantage of metamorphosis in arthropods?
A) It shortens the lifespan of the adult.
B) It allows larval and adult stages to occupy the same niche.
C) It reduces competition for resources between larval and adult stages.
D) It speeds up the developmental process.
C) It reduces competition for resources between larval and adult stages.
Which of the following pairs represents an example of metamorphosis reducing competition between immature and adult stages?
A) Spiderlings and adult spiders
B) Larval and adult crabs
C) Male and female mosquitoes
D) Nymphs and adult cockroaches
D) Nymphs and adult cockroaches
Trilobites possess which of the following characteristics?
A) Uniramous appendages
B) Three tagmata: head, thorax, and abdomen
C) Biramous appendages
D) Only two longitudinal sections
C) Biramous appendages
What type of feeders were trilobites?
A) Predators
B) Substrate feeders
C) Filter feeders
D) Herbivores
B) Substrate feeders
Which of the following arthropod subphyla has biramous appendages?
A) Crustacea
B) Chelicerata
C) Myriapoda
D) Hexapoda
A) Crustacea
Trilobitomorpha can be compared to which other arthropod group that also has three body sections, though with different tagmata divisions?
A) Crustacea (cephalothorax and abdomen)
B) Myriapoda (head and trunk)
C) Hexapoda (head, thorax, and abdomen)
D) Chelicerata (prosoma and opisthosoma)
C) Hexapoda (head, thorax, and abdomen)
Which of the following groups is NOT part of Subphylum Chelicerata?
A) Scorpions
B) Spiders
C) Crabs
D) Ticks
C) Crabs
In Chelicerata, the prosoma (cephalothorax) is responsible for which of the following functions?
A) Digestive and reproductive processes
B) Sensory, feeding, and locomotion
C) Respiration only
D) Excretory functions
B) Sensory, feeding, and locomotion
Which appendages are primarily used for sensory and feeding functions in Chelicerata?
A) Chelicerae
B) Pedipalps
C) Walking legs
D) Opisthosoma
B) Pedipalps
In chelicerates, the opisthosoma (abdomen) generally contains which systems?
A) Eyes and sensory organs
B) Chelicerae and walking legs
C) Digestive, reproductive, excretory, and respiratory organs
D) Only digestive organs
C) Digestive, reproductive, excretory, and respiratory organs
Chelicerae are generally used for locomotion in Chelicerata.
T/F
False (They are usually feeding appendages)
The opisthosoma in Chelicerata is mainly involved in sensory functions.
T/F
False (It contains digestive, reproductive, excretory, and respiratory organs)
Which arthropod group has a similar body structure of two tagmata but with distinct differences in appendages used for feeding?
A) Hexapoda
B) Myriapoda
C) Crustacea
D) None; only Chelicerata has two tagmata and unique feeding appendages like chelicerae
D) None; only Chelicerata has two tagmata and unique feeding appendages like chelicerae
In comparison to Chelicerata, which of the following subphyla has mouthparts adapted for biting and chewing rather than chelicerae?
A) Hexapoda
B) Crustacea
C) Myriapoda
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
The subclass Xiphosura, which includes horseshoe crabs, uses which structures for gas exchange?
A) Book lungs
B) Tracheae
C) Book gills
D) Spiracles
C) Book gills
Horseshoe crabs are dioecious, meaning:
A) They have both male and female organs in one individual.
B) They are either male or female and reproduce sexually.
C) They reproduce asexually.
D) They undergo metamorphosis during their life cycle.
B) They are either male or female and reproduce sexually.
Which structure is responsible for locomotion in horseshoe crabs?
A) Chelicerae
B) Pedipalps
C) Walking legs
D) Telson
C) Walking legs
Which body part of a horseshoe crab is used to help flip it upright if it is overturned?
A) Carapace
B) Chelicera
C) Pedipalp
D) Telson
D) Telson
Horseshoe crabs are found exclusively in freshwater environments.
T/F
False (They are found in marine environments like the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico)
In horseshoe crabs, external fertilization occurs in the water after the male and female release their gametes.
T/F
True
The carapace in horseshoe crabs provides protection to their dorsal side.
T/F
True
Which of the following structures do both horseshoe crabs (Class Meristomata) and spiders (Class Arachnida) possess, although they differ in function?
A) Chelicerae
B) Telson
C) Wings
D) Antennae
A) Chelicerae
Class Arachnida includes which of the following organisms?
A) Crabs and lobsters
B) Spiders, mites, ticks, and scorpions
C) Insects and centipedes
D) Earthworms and leeches
B) Spiders, mites, ticks, and scorpions
The early terrestrial ancestors of arachnids are believed to have arisen from which ancient group?
A) Trilobites
B) Eurypterids
C) Annelids
D) Crustaceans
B) Eurypterids
Which of the following structures is responsible for holding prey in arachnids?
A) Pedipalps
B) Chelicerae
C) Walking legs
D) Antennae
B) Chelicerae
In arachnids, the midgut is characterized by which of the following features?
A) Cuticular lining
B) Noncuticular lining for secretion and absorption
C) Responsible for water reabsorption
D) Pumping action
B) Noncuticular lining for secretion and absorption
What type of excretory structures do arachnids possess?
A) Nephridia
B) Coxal glands and Malpighian tubules
C) Green glands
D) Spiracles
B) Coxal glands and Malpighian tubules
Gas exchange in arachnids primarily occurs through which structures?
A) Gills
B) Lungs
C) Book lungs and tracheae
D) Skin
C) Book lungs and tracheae
The circulatory system of arachnids is classified as:
A) Closed
B) Open
C) Semi-closed
D) Non-functional
B) Open
Which of the following best describes the nervous system of arachnids?
A) Dorsal and segmented
B) Ventral with fusion of ganglia
C) Centralized with no ganglia
D) Dispersed throughout the body
B) Ventral with fusion of ganglia
Arachnids have an exoskeleton that aids in water conservation, which was an adaptation for terrestrial life.
T/F
True
Male arachnids transfer sperm directly to females during mating.
T/F
False (They use spermatophores for indirect sperm transfer.)
The development of arachnids is always indirect and involves a larval stage.
T/F
False (Development is direct in many species.)
Which of the following structures is homologous to the nephridia found in annelids?
A) Coxal glands
B) Malpighian tubules
C) Book lungs
D) Spiracles
A) Coxal glands
How do gas exchange mechanisms differ between arachnids and insects?
A) Both groups use book lungs for gas exchange.
B) Arachnids primarily use book lungs and tracheae, while insects rely solely on tracheae.
C) Insects do not have any gas exchange structures.
D) Both groups use gills for respiration.
B) Arachnids primarily use book lungs and tracheae, while insects rely solely on tracheae.
Compared to arachnids, what is a major difference in the feeding structures of insects?
A) Insects have mandibles instead of chelicerae.
B) Insects do not have any feeding structures.
C) Both groups use fangs for feeding.
D) Insects have specialized mouthparts for sucking.
A) Insects have mandibles instead of chelicerae.
Which of the following is a characteristic behavior of scorpions?
A) Diurnal hunting
B) Nocturnal activity
C) Burrowing in the sand
D) Swimming in freshwater
B) Nocturnal activity
What is the primary function of the prosoma in scorpions?
A) Reproduction
B) Digestion
C) Protection and sensory functions
D) Locomotion
C) Protection and sensory functions
In scorpions, which part of the body is referred to as the “tail”?
A) Prosoma
B) Preabdomen
C) Postabdomen
D) Carapace
C) Postabdomen
Which of the following scorpions is known for its venom potency and is often referred to as a “deathstalker”?
A) Androctonus
B) Centuroides
C) Urodacus
D) Pandinus
A) Androctonus
Scorpions can exhibit which of the following reproductive strategies?
A) Only oviparous
B) Only viviparous
C) Oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparous
D) Asexual reproduction only
C) Oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparous
The opisthosoma in scorpions is divided into the preabdomen and postabdomen.
T/F
True
All scorpions are viviparous and give live birth to their young.
T/F
False (They can be oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparous.)
What distinguishes the prosoma of scorpions from that of arachnids like spiders?
A) Scorpions have a segmented prosoma, while spiders do not.
B) Scorpions have a shieldlike carapace, while spiders have a more flexible prosoma.
C) Both have similar prosomal structures.
D) Scorpions lack a prosoma entirely.
B) Scorpions have a shieldlike carapace, while spiders have a more flexible prosoma.
Spiders belong to the largest group of arachnids.
T/F
True
The prosoma of spiders is primarily responsible for visceral functions.
T/F
False (The opisthosoma is responsible for visceral functions.)
Pedipalps in male spiders are used for sperm transfer.
T/F
True
How do the chelicerae of spiders differ from those of scorpions?
A) Both have chelicerae with poison glands.
B) Spiders have chelicerae with fangs, while scorpions have chelicerae used primarily for grasping.
C) Scorpions have no chelicerae.
D) Spiders do not have chelicerae.
B) Spiders have chelicerae with fangs, while scorpions have chelicerae used primarily for grasping.
In what way do the prosoma and opisthosoma of spiders differ in function?
A) The prosoma is mainly for visceral functions, while the opisthosoma is for movement.
B) The prosoma contains sensory and feeding structures, while the opisthosoma is primarily for visceral functions and silk production.
C) Both parts serve identical functions in spiders.
D) The prosoma is responsible for digestion, while the opisthosoma handles reproduction.
B) The prosoma contains sensory and feeding structures, while the opisthosoma is primarily for visceral functions and silk production.
What protein makes up spider silk?
A) Keratin
B) Collagen
C) Glycine and alanine amino acids
D) Myosin
C) Glycine and alanine amino acids
What modification occurs to silk when it is forced through the spinnerets?
A) It becomes solid
B) It undergoes chemical modification
C) It loses tensile strength
D) It becomes less acidic
B) It undergoes chemical modification
How does spider silk compare to Kevlar?
A) It is weaker than Kevlar.
B) It has a lower tensile strength than Kevlar.
C) It has better tensile strength than Kevlar.
D) It is not comparable to Kevlar.
C) It has better tensile strength than Kevlar.
During reproduction, how does the male spider transfer sperm to the female?
A) By injecting it directly
B) By placing it in her web
C) By using enlarged pedipalps to collect sperm
D) By laying it in an egg sac
C) By using enlarged pedipalps to collect sperm
What is another common name for members of the Order Opiliones?
A) Spiders
B) Scorpions
C) Harvestmen
D) Mites
C) Harvestmen
(Daddy Longlegs)
How is the prosoma connected to the opisthosoma in harvestmen?
A) By a narrow neck
B) It is broadly joined
C) It is separated by a carapace
D) It is not connected at all
B) It is broadly joined
What type of diet do harvestmen typically have?
A) Strict carnivores
B) Herbivores
C) Omnivores
D) Detritivores
C) Omnivores
How do harvestmen digest their food?
A) Only externally
B) Only internally
C) Through external and internal digestion
D) They do not digest food; they absorb nutrients directly
C) Through external and internal digestion
The prosoma and opisthosoma of harvestmen are distinctly separated.
T/F
False (They are broadly joined.)
What is the primary characteristic of the prosoma and opisthosoma in members of the Order Acarina?
A) They are separate structures.
B) They are fused and covered by a single carapace.
C) They are elongated and narrow.
D) They are not present in this order.
B) They are fused and covered by a single carapace.
Which of the following is a common lifestyle of many mites?
A) Parasitic on mammals
B) Free-living herbivores or scavengers
C) Exclusively aquatic
D) Predators of other arthropods
B) Free-living herbivores or scavengers
Which of the following is an example of an ectoparasite from the Order Acarina?
A) Ladybug
B) Chigger (Trombicula)
C) Dragonfly
D) Caterpillar
B) Chigger (Trombicula)
How do ticks differ in their life stages compared to mites?
A) Ticks do not have different life stages.
B) Ticks are ectoparasites in all life stages, while mites can be free-living.
C) Ticks only live in aquatic environments.
D) Ticks are larger than all mites at any life stage.
B) Ticks are ectoparasites in all life stages, while mites can be free-living.
How does the size of ticks generally compare to that of mites?
A) Ticks are usually smaller than mites.
B) Ticks can be up to 3 cm, while mites are typically 1 mm or less.
C) Both are usually the same size.
D) Ticks and mites have no size difference.
B) Ticks can be up to 3 cm, while mites are typically 1 mm or less.
How does the reproductive strategy of ticks compare to that of harvestmen in the Order Opiliones?
A) Both ticks and harvestmen are oviparous and do not exhibit parental care.
B) Ticks can be oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparous, while harvestmen generally do not care for their eggs.
C) Both groups exhibit complex courtship rituals.
D) Harvestmen are exclusively viviparous.
B) Ticks can be oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparous, while harvestmen generally do not care for their eggs.
Which of the following are the four classes in the Subphylum Myriapoda?
A) Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Hexapoda, Crustacea
B) Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla, Pauropoda
C) Chilopoda, Arachnida, Symphyla, Pauropoda
D) Diplopoda, Arachnida, Crustacea, Hexapoda
B) Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla, Pauropoda
Which class of Myriapoda is known for having two pairs of legs per body segment?
A) Chilopoda
B) Diplopoda
C) Symphyla
D) Pauropoda
B) Diplopoda
Which of the following best describes the feeding habits of Class Chilopoda?
A) Herbivorous
B) Carnivorous
C) Detritivorous
D) Omnivorous
B) Carnivorous
What is a distinguishing feature of Class Pauropoda compared to other Myriapoda classes?
A) They have a more complex body structure.
B) They are larger than all other classes.
C) They are very small and have fewer legs per segment.
D) They exclusively feed on plants.
C) They are very small and have fewer legs per segment.
All classes within Myriapoda have a fused prosoma and opisthosoma.
T/F
False (only Class Acarina has a fused body; Myriapoda has a distinct head and trunk).
Diplopoda are known for their ability to produce venom
T/F
False (Chilopoda are the class known for venomous fangs; Diplopoda are mostly detritivores and may secrete toxins as a defense).
Myriapoda have uniramous appendages, while insects (Hexapoda) have biramous appendages.
T/F
False (both Myriapoda and Hexapoda have uniramous appendages).
How do the appendages of Myriapoda differ from those of Chelicerata?
A) Myriapoda have biramous appendages, while Chelicerata have uniramous appendages.
B) Myriapoda have uniramous appendages, while Chelicerata have biramous appendages.
C) Both Myriapoda and Chelicerata have biramous appendages.
D) Both Myriapoda and Chelicerata have uniramous appendages.
D) Both Myriapoda and Chelicerata have uniramous appendages.
In terms of body segmentation, how does Myriapoda compare to Arachnida?
A) Myriapoda has two tagmata, while Arachnida has three.
B) Myriapoda has three tagmata, while Arachnida has two.
C) Both Myriapoda and Arachnida have two tagmata.
D) Both Myriapoda and Arachnida have three tagmata.
C) Both Myriapoda and Arachnida have two tagmata.
What is a significant difference in feeding habits between Myriapoda and Acarina?
A) Myriapoda are strictly herbivores, while Acarina are carnivores.
B) Myriapoda are primarily carnivores, while Acarina include ectoparasites and herbivores.
C) Both Myriapoda and Acarina are exclusively carnivores.
D) Myriapoda are filter feeders, while Acarina are scavengers.
B) Myriapoda are primarily carnivores, while Acarina include ectoparasites and herbivores.
How does the reproductive strategy of Myriapoda differ from that of Arachnida?
A) Myriapoda are dioecious, while Arachnida are hermaphroditic.
B) Myriapoda typically lay eggs, while Arachnida can be ovoviviparous or viviparous.
C) Myriapoda engage in complex courtship rituals, while Arachnida do not.
D) Both Myriapoda and Arachnida reproduce via external fertilization.
B) Myriapoda typically lay eggs, while Arachnida can be ovoviviparous or viviparous.
What is the primary dietary habit of millipedes?
A) Predatory on small animals
B) Parasitic on larger organisms
C) Feeding on decaying plant matter
D) Herbivorous, consuming living plants
C) Feeding on decaying plant matter
How do millipedes in Class Diplopoda transfer sperm during reproduction?
A) Through direct copulation only
B) Via gonopods or in spermatophores
C) By releasing sperm into the environment
D) By using specialized mouthparts
B) Via gonopods or in spermatophores
What function do the repugnatorial glands serve in millipedes?
A) Aid in digestion
B) Assist in locomotion
C) Produce venom for predation
D) Release defensive chemicals to deter predators
D) Release defensive chemicals to deter predators
In terms of habitat preference, how do millipedes (Class Diplopoda) compare to centipedes (Class Chilopoda)?
A) Millipedes prefer dry environments, while centipedes prefer moist areas.
B) Millipedes are typically found in moist environments, while centipedes can be found in both dry and moist habitats.
C) Both classes prefer dry habitats.
D) Both classes prefer aquatic habitats.
B) Millipedes are typically found in moist environments, while centipedes can be found in both dry and moist habitats.
How do the defensive mechanisms of millipedes (Class Diplopoda) compare to those of spiders (Class Arachnida)?
A) Millipedes primarily use venom, while spiders use physical defenses.
B) Both use venom, but spiders have a more complex delivery system.
C) Millipedes use repugnatorial glands, while spiders often use venomous fangs.
D) Both use repugnatorial glands for defense.
C) Millipedes use repugnatorial glands, while spiders often use venomous fangs.
What is the primary feeding strategy of centipedes in Class Chilopoda?
A) Herbivorous
B) Detritivorous
C) Predatory
D) Parasitic
C) Predatory
How do male centipedes transfer sperm to females?
A) Through direct contact
B) By releasing eggs into the environment
C) By placing a spermatophore in a silk web
D) Through a special appendage
C) By placing a spermatophore in a silk web
Which of the following classes in the Myriapoda subphylum has a flattened body shape?
A) Diplopoda
B) Chilopoda
C) Pauropoda
D) Symphyla
B) Chilopoda
Centipedes have a round cross-section, while millipedes are flattened.
T/F
False
Centipedes and millipedes both have repugnatorial glands for defense.
T/F
True
Symphyla and Pauropoda both have a similar body structure and feeding habits to Chilopoda.
T/F
False
Which class primarily feeds on fungi and decaying organic matter?
A) Chilopoda
B) Diplopoda
C) Pauropoda
D) Symphyla
C) Pauropoda
Which of the following statements accurately compares Pauropoda and Symphyla?
A) Both classes have a thick exoskeleton
B) Pauropoda lack eyes, while Symphyla have well-developed eyes
C) Symphyla are known for their ability to feed on decaying vegetation, unlike Pauropoda
D) Pauropoda have a thin, moist exoskeleton, while Symphyla do not have eyes
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D) Pauropoda have a thin, moist exoskeleton, while Symphyla do not have eyes
Which class is commonly found in soil and leaf mold?
A) Diplopoda
B) Chilopoda
C) Pauropoda
D) Symphyla
D) Symphyla
How do the feeding habits of Pauropoda and Symphyla differ from those of Chilopoda?
A) Both Pauropoda and Symphyla are carnivorous, while Chilopoda are herbivorous
B) Pauropoda and Symphyla feed on decaying organic matter, while Chilopoda are predators
C) All three classes are herbivorous
D) Both Pauropoda and Symphyla are predators, while Chilopoda are detritivores
B) Pauropoda and Symphyla feed on decaying organic matter, while Chilopoda are predators
Both Pauropoda and Symphyla possess well-developed eyes for detecting their surroundings.
T/F
False
Pauropoda and Symphyla are both adapted to living in moist environments, primarily in forest floor litter and soil, respectively.
T/F
True
Pauropoda feed primarily on decaying vegetation, while Symphyla primarily consume fungi.
T/F
False
Symphyla are known for their ability tothrive in leaf mold and have a more robust exoskeleton compared to Pauropoda.
T/F
False
Both Pauropoda and Symphyla lack the ability to digest solid food externally, requiring a moist environment for feeding.
T/F
True
Pauropoda and Symphyla are more closely related to Class Insecta than to Class Diplopoda.
T/F
False
In terms of evolutionary adaptations for survival, which of the following best distinguishes the Myriapoda from other arthropods such as Arachnida?
A) Myriapoda have a hardened exoskeleton, while Arachnida do not.
B) Myriapoda possess uniramous appendages, whereas Arachnida have chelicerae.
C) Myriapoda are primarily aquatic, while Arachnida are terrestrial.
D) Myriapoda have compound eyes, while Arachnida have simple eyes.
B) Myriapoda possess uniramous appendages, whereas Arachnida have chelicerae.
How do the reproductive strategies of Myriapoda compare to those of Arachnida?
A) Both groups use external fertilization exclusively.
B) Myriapoda have specialized structures for sperm transfer, while Arachnida may deposit spermatophores.
C) Myriapoda have a complex courtship behavior, whereas Arachnida do not.
D) Both groups carry their eggs in silk cases.
B) Myriapoda have specialized structures for sperm transfer, while Arachnida may deposit spermatophores.
