Final Exam (Storing Info.)

Question 1

Hebbian Synapse: a synapse that ______ in effectiveness because of ______ activity in the ___ and ___- synaptic neurons

Answer 1

increases, simultaneous, presynaptic and postsynaptic

Question 2

Hebbian synapses may be critical for what/which kind(s) of learning?

Answer 2

many kinds of associative learning

Question 3

due to an _____ invertebrate who has large _____, researchers have been able to study ______ and _______

Answer 3

aplysia, neurons, habituation, sensitization

Question 4

Define habituation (response, presentation …)

Answer 4

decrease in response to a stimuli that is presented repeatedly and accompanied by no change in other stimuli

Question 5

what does habituation depend on?

Answer 5

a change in the synapse between the sensory neurons and the other motor neurons

Question 6

what happens to sensory and motor neurons in habituation?

Answer 6

sensory neurons fail to excite motor neurons as they did previously

Question 7

define sensitization (stimulus, exposure …)

Answer 7

increase in response to a mild stimulus as a result to previous exposure to more intense stimuli

Question 8

what happens to potassium channels during the sensitization process

Answer 8

serotonin released from a facilitating neuron blocks potassium channels in the presynaptic neuron

Question 9

define LTP and when it occurs

Answer 9

LTP: long-term potentiation, occurs when one or more axons bombard a dendrite with stimulation

Question 10

list the three properties of long-term potentiation

Answer 10

specificity, cooperativity, and associativity

Question 11

LTP: define specificity

Answer 11

only synapses onto a cell that have been highly active become strengthened

Question 12

LTP: define cooperativity

Answer 12

simultaneous stimulation by two or more axons produces LTP much more strongly than does repeated stimulation by a single axon

Question 13

LTP: define associativity

Answer 13

pairing a weak input with a strong input enhances later responses to w weak input

Question 14

define LTP (what does it stand for and give the definition)

Answer 14

long-term depression. a prolonged decrease in response at a synapse that occurs when axons have been less active than others

Question 15

LTP (give full name), depends on changes at _______ synapses

Answer 15

long-term potentiation, glutamate

Question 16

list the two types of glutamate receptors

Answer 16

AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors

Question 17

repeated ______ excitation of ____ receptors______s the membrane

Answer 17

glutamate, AMPA, depolarizes

Question 18

the _______tion of the membrane displaces ______ molecules that had been _____ing ____ receptors

Answer 18

depolarization, magnesium, blocking NMDA receptors