Final Exam (Learning, Memory and Intelligence) Flashcards
what is an “engram”?
a physical representation of what had been learned
give an example of an engram
a connection between two brain areas
write a hypothesis about an engram (what should happen)
a knife cut between the two brain areas should abolish the newly learned response
Lashley’s experiments showed that learning and memory do not relay on what?
a single cortical area
Lashley: define equipotentiality
all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex functioning behaviours
Lashley: define mass action
the cortex works as a whole, and more cortex is better
the _____ ______ is the best or _____ place to search for an engram
cerebral cortex, only
what did Richard F. Thompson and colleagues suggest about engrams
the classical conditioning engram is located in the cerebellum, not the cortex
(LIP) ____ ____ _____ identified as central for what?
lateral interpositus nucleus, learning
a change in a brain ____ does not necessarily mean that _____ took place there
area, learning
___ scans on young adults led to the discovery that the ______ is critical for classical conditioning
PET, cerebellum
which person (year) differentiated between two types of memory. list the two types
Hebb (1949) short-term (st) and long-term (lt)
describe the differences between short and long term memory (capacity, fading, and if they can be stimulated)
stm- limited capacity ltm- no capacity. stm- memory fades quickly without rehearsal ltm- memories persist. ltm- can be stimulated with a cue/hint stm- cannot
why do emotionally significant memories form quickly?
emotion causes release of epinephrine and cortisol to activate the amygdala and hippocampus- enhances consolidation of recent experiences
Baddeley and Hitch proposed _____ memory as an alternative to ____-____ memory
working memory, short-term
