Final exam start: chapter 12 Flashcards

Question

treatment for paranoid personality disorder

Answer 1

Focuses on development of trust and cognitive therapy to counter negative thinking

Answer 2

Failure to comply with social norms, violation of the rights of others, irresponsible, impulsive, and deceitful, lack of conscience, empathy, and remorse, callous, and unemotional. Sociopathy and psychopathy typically refer to very similar traits May be very charming, interpersonally manipulative You can be a successful psychopath and stay out of jail or an unsuccessful one and end up in jail (may or may not be violent) Families with inconsistent parental discipline and support Families often have histories of criminal and violent behavior

Answer 3

conduct disorder and often show early histories of behavioral problems

Answer 4

no it is a less reliable predictor

Answer 5

Underarousal hypothesis: cortical arousal is too low so they seek stimulation from dangerous activities to feel something Cortical immaturity hypothesis: central cortex is not fully developed Fearlessness hypothesis: fail to respond to danger cues Gray’s model: inhibition signals are outweighed by reward signals Only personality that talks about limbic rather than prefrontal cortex

Answer 6

Few seek treatment on their own Antisocial behavior is predictive of poor prognosis Emphasis is placed on prevention and rehabilitation Often incarceration is the only viable alternative (but if you stick a bunch of antisocial personality disorder criminals, they learn from each other and get worse) May need to focus on practical (or selfish) consequences (ex: if you assault someone, you'll go to prison)

Answer 7

Genetic influences: if parents have a history of antisocial behavior or criminality Developmental influences: high conflict childhood increases APD in at-risk children Impaired fear conditioning: children may not adequately learn to fear adversive consequences of negative actions (ex: punishment for setting fires) Psychological and social influences: psychopaths are less likely to give up when goal becomes unattainable, which may explain why they persist with behavior (ex: crime) that is punished Early antisocial behavior alienates peers who would otherwise serve as corrective role models. Antisocial behavior and family stress mutually increase one another

Answer 8

Unstable moods and relationships Impulsivity, fear of abandonment, very poor self-image suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors

Answer 9

Comorbidity rates are high with other mental disorders, particularly mood disorders, substance use disorders and eating disorders

Answer 10

Strong genetic component High emotional reactivity may be inherited May have impaired functioning of limbic system Early trauma/abuse increases risk Triple vulnerability model - Generalized biological vulnerability - Generalized psychological vulnerability - Specific psychological vulnerability

Answer 11

suggests that BPD is primarily a dysfunction of the emotional regulation system

Answer 12

Antidepressant medications provide some short-term relief Dialectical behavior therapy is most promising treatment: focus on dual reality of acceptance of difficulties and need for change, focus on interpersonal effectiveness, focus on distress tolerance to decrease reckless/self-harming behavior

Answer 13

Individual therapy: keeps the person alive; helps them have a life worth living Phone consults: only to coach through coping strategies Group therapy: mindfulness, emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, distress tolerance Support group for therapists: prevent burnout

Answer 14

Overly dramatic and sensational May be sexually provacative Often impulsive and need to be the center of attention Thinking and emotions are perceived as shallow More commonly diagnosed in females

Answer 15

Etiology unknown due to lack of research Often co-occurs with antisocial PD, suggesting it may be a sex-typed variant

Answer 16

Focus on attention seeking and long-term negative consequences Targets may also include problematic interpersonal behaviors Little evidence that treatment is effective

Answer 17

Exaggerated and unreasonable sense of self-importance * Preoccupation with receiving attention * Lack sensitivity and compassion for other people * Highly sensitive to criticism; envious and arrogant

Answer 18

Causes are largely unknown Failure to learn empathy as a child Sociological view: product of the “me” generation

Answer 19

Focus on grandiosity, lack of empathy, unrealistic thinking Emphasize realistic goals and coping skills for dealing with criticism Little evidence that treatment is effective

Answer 20

Extreme sensitivity to the options of others Highly avoidant of most interpersonal relationships Interpersonally anxious and fearful of rejection Low self-esteem

Answer 21

May be linked to schizophrenia; occurs more often in relatives of people with schizophrenia Experiences of early rejection Childhood experiences of neglect, isolation, rejection, and conflict with others

Answer 22

Similar to treatment for social phobia Focus on social skills, entering anxiety-provoking situations good relationship with therapist is important

Answer 23

Reliance on others to make major and minor life decisions Unreasonable fear of abandonment Clingy and submissive in interpersonal relationships Causes: not well understood but may be linked to failure to learn independence Treatment options: therapy typically progresses gradually due to lack of independence

Answer 24

Excessive and rigid fixation on doing things the right way Highly perfectionistic, orderly, and emotionally shallow Unwilling to delegate tasks because others will do them wrong Difficulty with spontaneity Often have interpersonal problems Obsessions and compulsions are rare

Answer 25

Causes are not well known Moderate genetic contribution

Answer 26

Targets cognitive reappraisal techniques to reframe compulsive thoughts Target rumination and feelings of inadequacy