chapter 10 Flashcards
gender differences when it comes to sex
men have more sexual partners and are more willing to have casual premarital sex. women are more likely to be self conscious or conservative about sex.
no gender differences when it comes to…
attitudes toward same-sex behaviors, views on sexual satisfaction, and attitudes towards masturbation
do different cultures view sex differently?
yes
how important are genes when it comes to the development in sexual orientation for men and women?
men: 34-39% and women: 18-19%
what environmental factors would impact the development of sexual orientation
in utero hormone exposure
what are the 4 things sexual dysfunction involves and how long must this occur for a diagnosis?
desire, arousal, orgasm, or pain. distress or impairment must be happening for 6+ months
how often do disorders of desire appear at a sexuality clinic
accounts for 50% of patients
male hypoactive sexual desire disorder and female sexual interest/arousal disorder
both are desire disorders
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder: little or no interest in any type of sexual activity, including masterbation and fantasies
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder: reduced sexual interest, reduced sexual activity, fewer sexual thoughts, reduced arousal to sexual cues, reduced pleasure or sensations during almost all sexual encounters
Erectile disorder
considered a sexual arousal disorder: difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection, sexual desire is usually in tact, most common problem for which men seek treatment, prevalence increases with age
premature ejaculation
Orgasmic disorder: Ejaculation occurring within about 1 minute of penetration and before it is desired
Most prevalent sexual dysfunction in adult males. Affects 21% of adult males. Most common in younger less experienced males
delayed ejaculation
treatment is rarely sought but its an orgasmic disorder
female orgasmic disorder
marked delay, absence of decreased intensity of orgasm after normal arousal phase with almost all sexual activities. Not explained by relationship distress or other significant stressors
Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
In females, difficulty with vaginal penetration during intercourse, associated with one or more of the following: Pain during intercourse or penetration attempts fear/anxiety about pain during sexual activity. Tensing of pelvic floor muscles in anticipation of sexual activity
can sexual dysfunction be prevented?
yes by education, maintaining good physical health, and through open and honest communication with partner
how do you assess sexual behavior?
detailed interviews, medical evaluations, and psychophysiological assessment (sexual arousal in response to erotic material, male: penile strain gauge to measure an erection, females: vaginal photoplethysmography (measures blood flow to the vagina)
erotophobia
associate sexuality with negative feelings, anxiety or threat
masters and Johnson psychosocial interventions
focus on the experience, not the outcome (cumming) this decreases performance anxiety and doesn’t demand pleasure
what is the squeeze technique used for
premature ejaculation
what is masturabatory training used for
female orgasm disorder
when are dilators used
vaginismus
exposure to erotic material is used when
low sexual desire problems
medical treatments for sexual dysfunction
Viagra and similar medications
Injection of vasodilating drugs unto the penis
Testosterone
Penile prosthesis or implants
Vascular surgery
Vacuum device therapy
what is a paraphilic Disorder
misplaced sexual attraction and arousal, Focused on inappropriate people or objects, Often multiple paraphilic patterns of arousal, High comorbidity with anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders
frotteuristic disorder
persistent pattern of seeking sexual gratification from rubbing up against unwilling others ex: people on subways
Fetishistic disorder
sexual attraction to nonhuman objects or highly specific focus on non-genital body parts
Voyeuristic disorder
observing an unsuspecting individual undressing, naked, or engaged in sexual activity for sexual gratification
Exhibitionistic disorder
exposure of genitals to unsuspecting strangers for sexual gratification ex: flashers
Transvestic disorder
sexual arousal associated with the act of wearing clothing of the opposite sex
Sexual sadism disorder
inflicting pain or humiliation to attain sexual gratification
Sexual masochism
suffering pain or humiliation to attain sexual gratification
Pedophilia
sexual attraction to prepubescent children. mainly men
treatment for paraphilic disorders
Target problematic sexual associations
Covert sensitization: imagining aversive consequences to form negative associations with unacceptable behavior
Orgasmic reconditioning: masturbation to appropriate stimuli
Medications that reduce testosterone may be used in some populations like convicted sex offenders
when is gender identity formed by
between 18 to 36 months of age
is gender identity related to transvestic disorder or same sex attraction
no
is gender dysphoria more common in men or women
men
Are rates of gender dysphoria similar across cultures?
yes
how long must gender dysphoria last to be a disorder
Must last at least 6 months
what can be done for transgender individuals
gender affirming surgery and administration of hormones
