chapter 13 Flashcards
schizophrenia
characterized by a broad spectrum of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions including
Delusions and hallucinations
Disorganized speech and behavior
Innapropriate emotions
emil kraeplin
used the term dementia praecox to describe schitzophrenic syndrome
Early subtyoes of schitzophrenia- catatonia, hebephrenia, and paranoia
who introduced the term “scizophrenia”
eugen blueler
schizophrenia positive symptoms
having experiences that are not usual
delusions : unchangeable belief in something that is not true
Hallucinations: seeing, hearing, or feeling something that is not there
schizophrenia negative symptoms
not having experiences that are usual
Avolition: inability to initiate and persist in activities
Alogia: absence of speech
Anhedonia: presumed lack of pleasure
Asociality: lack of interest in social interactions
Affective flattening: do not show emotions when emotions would normally be expected
disorganized symptoms
Disorganized speech
Tangential speech: constantly going off on tangents with no clear line of thought in what the person is saying and not returning to the topic
Loose associations/derailment: abruptly changing
the topic to something completely unrelated
Word salad: Using a mix of random words/phrases that do not make sense
Inappropriate affect: Laughing or crying at inappropriate times
Disorganized behavior: Includes wildly exaggerated movements and immobility (catatonic immobility)
schizophreiform disorder
psychotic symptoms lasting between 1 and 6 months (greater than 6 would be schizophrenia)
Associated with relatively good functioning
Most patients resume normal lives
Lifetime prevalence: approximately 0.2%
schizoaffective disorder
Symptoms of schizophrenia and additional experience of a major mood episode (depressive or manic)
Psychotic symptoms must also occur outside the mood disturbance
Prognosis is similar for people with schizophrenia
Timing of psychotic vs mood symptoms is key to diagnosis
If psychosis first and then mood: schizoaffective
If mood first and then psychosis: MDD or Bipolar with psychotic features
delusional disorder
characterized by delusions that are contrary to reality
Lack other positive and negative symptoms
Types of delusions include
Erotomanic
Grandiose
Jealous
Persecutory
Somatic
Better prognosis than schizophrenia
catatonia
unusual motor responses, particularly immobility or agitation, and odd mannerisms
Tends to be severe and quite rare
May be present in psychotic disorders or diagnosed alone, and may include
Stupor, mutism, maintaining the same pose for hours
Opposition or lack of response to instructions
Repetitive, meaningless motor behaviors
Mimicking others’ speech or movement
Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome:
Identified as a condition in need of further study
Refers to individuals who are at high risk for developing schizophrenia or beginning to show signs of schizophrenia
Referred to as the prodrome
Label designed to focus attention on these individuals who could benefit from early intervention
Tend to have good insight into own symptoms
When does schizophrenia develop?
early adulthood, about 1% of the population
which gender is affected by schizophrenia more often?
men and women are affected equally, females tend to have a better long term prognosis, onset is earlier for men
brief psychotic disorder
characterized by positive symptoms of schizophrenia or disorganized symptoms
Lasts less than one month
Briefest duration of all psychotic disorders
Typically precipitated by trauma or stress
causes of schizophrenia
Family studies: Inherit a tendency for schizophrenia, not specific forms of schizophrenia. Risk increases with genetic relatedness
Twin studies: Monozygotic twins have greater concordance than dizygotic twins
Adoption studies: Adoptee risk for developing schizophrenia is high if a biological parent has schizophrenia. But risk is lower than for children raised by their biological parent with schizophrenia
highest risk for schizophrenia is if you have an identical twin or both parents have it and even then, its only a 50% risk
