Chapter 11

Question 1

substance use

Answer 1

taking moderate amounts of a substance in a way that doesn’t interfere with functioning

Question 2

substance intoxication

Answer 2

physical reaction to a substance. Vary across people from mild to extreme

Question 3

substance dependence

Answer 3

may be defined by tolerance and withdrawal

Question 4

tolerance

Answer 4

getting less effect from the same amount of drug that you usually use or taking more to get the same effect

Question 5

withdrawal

Answer 5

physical response when substance is discontinued after regular use

Question 6

what are the 5 main categories of substances?

Answer 6

Depressants : Behavioral sedation
Stimulants : Increase alertness and elevate mood and more energy
Opiates: Produce analgesia (pain relief) and euphoria
Hallucinogens: Alter sensory perception (LSD)
Other drugs of abuse: Inhalants and anabolic steroids

Question 7

depressants

Answer 7

Alcohol-Related Disorders
- Psychological and physiological effects of alcohol
- central nervous system depressant
- Influence several neurotransmitters
- Specific target is GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter)

Question 8

delirium tremens

Answer 8

hallucinations and body tremors that occur when alcohol withdraws

Question 9

what does long term alcohol use lead to

Answer 9

Dementia
Wernicke korsakoff syndrome: confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and unintelligible speech

Question 10

does alcohol cause violence?

Answer 10

Drinking does not cause violence but may increase the likelihood of impulsive behavior

Question 11

sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics

Answer 11

Sedatives: calming (barbiturates)
Hypnotic: sleep inducing
Anxiolytic: anxiety reducing (benzodiazepines). people who seek help with these are usually women over the age of 35

Question 12

stimulants

Answer 12

Most widely consumed drug in the U.S. due to caffeine (coffee, energy drinks, soft drinks) and nicotine (tobacco)
Increase alertness and energy
Examples include amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, and caffeine

Question 13

effects of amphetamines (stimulants)

Answer 13

Produce elation, vigor, reduce fatigue, followed by extreme fatigue and depression

Question 14

effects of cocaine (stimulant)

Answer 14

Short lived sensations of elation, vigor, reduced fatigue
Effects result from blocking the reuptake of dopamine
Rebounds with extreme fatigue and depression because people aren’t sleeping

Question 15

what percentage of Americans use caffeine?

Answer 15

Used by over 85% of Americans
Found in tea, coffee, cola drinks and cocoa products
Small doses elevate mood and reduce fatigue, regular use can result in tolerance/dependence

Question 16

what are opiods often referred to as?

Answer 16

analgesics

Question 17

opiate

Answer 17

natural chemical in the opium poppy with narcotic effects

Question 18

opioids

Answer 18

natural and synthetic substances with narcotic effects

Question 19

which drug class causes the worst withdrawals

Answer 19

Opioids they’re very dangerous to quit cold turkey

Question 20

can you build a tolerance to cannabis

Answer 20

evidence is contradictory Evidence of both tolerance & reverse tolerance

Question 21

hallucinogens

Answer 21

Hallucinogens are altered sensory perceptions (seeing or hearing things that arent there)
Can also produce delusions, paranoia
LSD, psilocybin (mushrooms), mescaline (from peyote), PCP
Tolerance builds quickly, but resets after brief periods of abstinence

Question 22

inhalants

Answer 22

Highest use during early adolescence
Found in volatile solvents
Breathed into the lungs directly
Rapid absorption
Examples: spray paint, hair spray, paint thinner, gasoline, nitrous oxide
Effects are similar to alcohol intoxication
Produce tolerance and prolonged withdrawal symptoms
Multiple negative psychological effects
Damage to bone marrow, kidneys, liver, brain

Question 23

steroids

Answer 23

Derived from testosterone
Used medicinally or to increase body mass
No associated high
Rather, dependence involves wanting to maintain the effects of the substance (increased muscle mass)
Can increase risk for heart attacks, stroke, liver tumors, kidney failure, and psychiatric problems (ex: depression)
Stopping chronic use can also increase depression, leading to relapse
More common in guys

Question 24

agonist substitution

Answer 24

safer drug with a similar chemical composition as the abused drug (ex: methadone for heroin and other opiates, nicotine patch for smoking

Question 25

antagonist drugs

Answer 25

drugs that block or counteract the positive and negative effects of substances (ex: naltrexone for opiates)

Question 26

aversive treatment

Answer 26

drugs that make use of substances extremely unpleasant (Antabuse for alcohol)

Question 27

when should impatient treatment be used

Answer 27

detox, relapse is more likely to occur if only impatient treatment is used

Question 28

intermittent explosive disorder

Answer 28

rare condition characterized by frequent aggressive outbursts leading to injury and/or destruction of property

Question 29

Kleptomania:

Answer 29

failure to resist urge to steal unnesseary items
Dusorder may be more common in women than men and typically starts in adolescence
Comorbid with mood disorders and substance use disorders
Rare

Question 30

Pyromania

Answer 30

involves having an irresistible urge to set fires
Rare even among convicted arsonists
Treatment usually focuses on identifying urges and practicing imcompatible behaviors
Different from being an arsonist

Question 31

gambling disorder is linked to what other disorder

Answer 31

substance use disorder because they target the same neurotransmitter: dopamine

Question 32

can you build tolerance when it comes to gambling

Answer 32

yes needing to increase the amount that is being bet

Question 33

what group has the highest gambling rates

Answer 33

college students males