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anatomy and physiology 1 > final exam review part 2 > Flashcards

final exam review part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some functions of the nervous system?

A

to receive sensory input, control muscles, maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?

A

the central and peripheral

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3
Q

what comprises the central nervous system?

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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4
Q

what comprises the peripheral nervous system?

A

the cranial and spinal nerves

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5
Q

sensory neurons conduct potentials to the ___

A

CNS

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6
Q

what are the divisions of the motor neurons?

A

somatic, autonomic

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7
Q

somatic means ___

A

of the skeletal system

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8
Q

what do neurons do?

A

recieve stimuli and conduct action potentials

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9
Q

do glial cells conduct action potentials?

A

no

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10
Q

where is the nucleus located in the neuron?

A

the cell body

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11
Q

what does the dendrite do?

A

recieves information from other cells

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12
Q

what does the axon do?

A

conducts sensory signals TO the CNS and motor AWAY from the CNS

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13
Q

multipolar neurons have ___ dendrites, and __ axon

A

many, 1

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14
Q

most neurons in the CNS are ___polar

A

multi

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15
Q

Bipolar neurons have ___ dendrite and ___ axon

A

1,1

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16
Q

pseudounipolar neurons have ___ process that extends from the ____

A

1, cell body

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17
Q

describe a neuroglia cell

A

it supports the neuron

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18
Q

what do astrocytes do?

A

provide blood brain barrier

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19
Q

ependymal cells ___

A

produce cerebrospinal fluid

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20
Q

microglia does what?

A

removes debris

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21
Q

oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheath in the ___

A

CNS

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22
Q

schwann cells produce myelin sheath in ___

A

PNS

23
Q

describe a myelin sheath

A

a layer that is wrapped around an axon of a neuron

24
Q

why does nervous tissue vary in color?

A

due to myelinated vs unmyelinated axons

25
Q

what is gray matter?

A

neuron cell body and the dendrite

26
Q

what is white matter?

A

bundle of parallel axons and the myelin sheath

27
Q

what is resting membrane potential?

A

the charge difference across a resting cell membrane

28
Q

what is the value of the resting membrane potential?

A

-70

29
Q

do leak channels close?

A

no they are constantly open

30
Q

describe what opens a chemical channel

A

specific chemicals that are unique to the cell

31
Q

describe the NA-K pump

A

if we are going to maintain resting membrane potential, we have to get more sodium outside the neuron, and more potassium inside the cell

32
Q

when gated channels open, this causes the axon potential to ____

A

go down the axon

33
Q

describe repolarization

A

sodium stops entering the cell, potassium leaves the cell

34
Q

describe hyperpolarization

A

when the repolarizaton causes the cell membrane to be more negative than the resting membrane potential for a brief period of time

35
Q

can we have action potentials during the hyperpolarization phase?

A

no

36
Q

describe the all or none theory with action potentials

A

if the threashold is reached, we will have an action potential. if not, we will have none

37
Q

in continuous conduction of action potentials, is it myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

unmyelinated

38
Q

which is slower, continuous or saltatory conduction and why

A

continuous, it must travel down the length of the axon

39
Q

for saltatory conduction, is it unmyelinated or myelinated?

A

myelinated

40
Q

why is saltatory conduction faster?

A

the action potential jumps from node of ranvier to node of ranvier

41
Q

what is a synapse?

A

a juncton where one axon interacts withy another one

42
Q

describe the synapse process

A

the action potential goes to the presynaptic cortex, the chanels open, the potential leaves the presynaptic terminal, the potential is diffused to the postsynaptic terminal

43
Q

what are the 2 common neurotransmitters?

A

acetylcholine and noroepenephrine

44
Q

do neurotransmitters remain in the synaptic cleft?

A

no

45
Q

what is a reflex?

A

an involuntary response to stimuli

46
Q

what are the three plexuses ?

A

the cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral

47
Q

what does the midbrain control?

A

visual

48
Q

what does the pons control?

A

breathing and swallowing

49
Q

what does the medula control?

A

heartrate and breathing

50
Q

reticular formation does what

A

controls vital functions

51
Q

what does the frontal lobe do?

A

voluntary function

52
Q

what does the parietal lobe do?

A

general sensations

53
Q

what does the occipotal lobe do?

A

vision

54
Q

what does the temporal lobe do?

A

hearing and balence

anatomy and physiology 1 (11 decks)

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