final exam review part 2

Question 1

what are some functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

to receive sensory input, control muscles, maintain homeostasis

Question 2

what are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 2

the central and peripheral

Question 3

what comprises the central nervous system?

Answer 3

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 4

what comprises the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 4

the cranial and spinal nerves

Question 5

sensory neurons conduct potentials to the ___

Answer 5

CNS

Question 6

what are the divisions of the motor neurons?

Answer 6

somatic, autonomic

Question 7

somatic means ___

Answer 7

of the skeletal system

Question 8

what do neurons do?

Answer 8

recieve stimuli and conduct action potentials

Question 9

do glial cells conduct action potentials?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

where is the nucleus located in the neuron?

Answer 10

the cell body

Question 11

what does the dendrite do?

Answer 11

recieves information from other cells

Question 12

what does the axon do?

Answer 12

conducts sensory signals TO the CNS and motor AWAY from the CNS

Question 13

multipolar neurons have ___ dendrites, and __ axon

Answer 13

many, 1

Question 14

most neurons in the CNS are ___polar

Answer 14

multi

Question 15

Bipolar neurons have ___ dendrite and ___ axon

Answer 15

1,1

Question 16

pseudounipolar neurons have ___ process that extends from the ____

Answer 16

1, cell body

Question 17

describe a neuroglia cell

Answer 17

it supports the neuron

Question 18

what do astrocytes do?

Answer 18

provide blood brain barrier

Question 19

ependymal cells ___

Answer 19

produce cerebrospinal fluid

Question 20

microglia does what?

Answer 20

removes debris

Question 21

oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheath in the ___

Answer 21

CNS

Question 22

schwann cells produce myelin sheath in ___

Answer 22

PNS

Question 23

describe a myelin sheath

Answer 23

a layer that is wrapped around an axon of a neuron

Question 24

why does nervous tissue vary in color?

Answer 24

due to myelinated vs unmyelinated axons

Question 25

what is gray matter?

Answer 25

neuron cell body and the dendrite

Question 26

what is white matter?

Answer 26

bundle of parallel axons and the myelin sheath

Question 27

what is resting membrane potential?

Answer 27

the charge difference across a resting cell membrane

Question 28

what is the value of the resting membrane potential?

Answer 28

-70

Question 29

do leak channels close?

Answer 29

no they are constantly open

Question 30

describe what opens a chemical channel

Answer 30

specific chemicals that are unique to the cell

Question 31

describe the NA-K pump

Answer 31

if we are going to maintain resting membrane potential, we have to get more sodium outside the neuron, and more potassium inside the cell

Question 32

when gated channels open, this causes the axon potential to ____

Answer 32

go down the axon

Question 33

describe repolarization

Answer 33

sodium stops entering the cell, potassium leaves the cell

Question 34

describe hyperpolarization

Answer 34

when the repolarizaton causes the cell membrane to be more negative than the resting membrane potential for a brief period of time

Question 35

can we have action potentials during the hyperpolarization phase?

Answer 35

no

Question 36

describe the all or none theory with action potentials

Answer 36

if the threashold is reached, we will have an action potential. if not, we will have none

Question 37

in continuous conduction of action potentials, is it myelinated or unmyelinated?

Answer 37

unmyelinated

Question 38

which is slower, continuous or saltatory conduction and why

Answer 38

continuous, it must travel down the length of the axon

Question 39

for saltatory conduction, is it unmyelinated or myelinated?

Answer 39

myelinated

Question 40

why is saltatory conduction faster?

Answer 40

the action potential jumps from node of ranvier to node of ranvier

Question 41

what is a synapse?

Answer 41

a juncton where one axon interacts withy another one

Question 42

describe the synapse process

Answer 42

the action potential goes to the presynaptic cortex, the chanels open, the potential leaves the presynaptic terminal, the potential is diffused to the postsynaptic terminal

Question 43

what are the 2 common neurotransmitters?

Answer 43

acetylcholine and noroepenephrine

Question 44

do neurotransmitters remain in the synaptic cleft?

Answer 44

no

Question 45

what is a reflex?

Answer 45

an involuntary response to stimuli

Question 46

what are the three plexuses ?

Answer 46

the cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral

Question 47

what does the midbrain control?

Answer 47

visual

Question 48

what does the pons control?

Answer 48

breathing and swallowing

Question 49

what does the medula control?

Answer 49

heartrate and breathing

Question 50

reticular formation does what

Answer 50

controls vital functions

Question 51

what does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 51

voluntary function

Question 52

what does the parietal lobe do?

Answer 52

general sensations

Question 53

what does the occipotal lobe do?

Answer 53

vision

Question 54

what does the temporal lobe do?

Answer 54

hearing and balence